Prepositional Phrases- Phrases that modify
 
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John
hit
ball
to Jim
the
window
was shattered
above the door
Please click on the prepositional phrase in the following sentence.
The window above the door was shattered.
John hit the ball to Jim.
The Prepositional Phrases are highlighted in the following sentences.
[preposition + (modifier(s)) + object] that modifies a verb, subject or object.
Prepositional Phrase:
It is important to determine which word the phrase modifies. If it modifies the verb, it functions like an adverb.  If it modifies a noun, it functions like an adjective.
A Prepositional phrase contains a preposition, an object of the preposition (a noun or pronoun) and (sometimes) adjectives modifying the noun.
A Prepositional phrase is built around a preposition.  A preposition is a word that shows the relationship between between its object and the word it modifies by locating them in time or space. e.g. "on", "under", "after", "toward", etc.
Prepositional phrases give information that describes a verb, subject or object, usually by locating it in time or space. 
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English Grammar Review
Hint: Prepositional phrases can be located by asking
"Where?" and "When?" etc. for verbs and "Which one?" for nouns.
e.g. "Where did he hit the ball?" "Which window?"