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- Prologue 1:1-18
  - vs. 1-13 The Eternal Word came bringing light, with two results
    - v. 1-2 The preexistent Word
      - In the Beginning was the Word
        cf. Gen 1:1
        on Logos, cf. Psa 19:1-4; Gen 1:3,9,11,15,24 etc., Psa 33:6; 107:20; 147:15, 18; Isa 55:10-11
      - The Word was with God
      - The Word was God - Emphasis
      - This one was in the beginning
      - (This one was) with God
    - v.3 The Creator Word as the source for all
      - All things exist through Him
      - Not one thing which is exists without Him
        clarification - no exceptions - all things means ALL THINGS
    - v. 4-5 The Life/Light invades the darkness
      - In Him was LIfe
      - The LIfe was the light of men
      - The light shines in the darkness
        cf. Gen. 1:4-5, 7-9, Isa 9:2;42:6-7; 49:6; 60:1-5; Mal 4:2
      - The darkness has not overcome it
    - v. 6-8 A Witness to the light
      - There was a man
        Sent from God
        His name was John
      - This one came to witness
      - So that He may witness concerning the light
      - So that all may believe concerning Him - Emphasis
      - This one was not the light
      - but (he came he came to witness)
      - So that He may witness concerning the light
    - v. 9 The Coming of the Light
      - The True light
        which enlightens all humanity
      - was coming into the world
    - v. 10-11 The Rejection of the light
      - He was in the world
      - The world exists through Him
      - The world did not know Him
      - He came to His own
      - His own did not receive Him
    - v. 12-13 A possible alternative to Rejection and its result
      - Receiving Him
        Whoever receives Him
        to those who believe in His Name
        "distinguishes between an illegitimate, presumptuous claim of divine sonship based on physical descent and true divine sonship based on faith, in the name of God's Messiah." Commentary OT/NT p. 422
      - The Result
        He gave to them authority to be children of God
        Neg. - children NOT born
        from blood
        or from the will of flesh
        or from the will of man
        Pos. - but children born from God
  - vs. 14-18 The Word became flesh - Incarnate Glory of God Himself
    - v. 14 The Word became present among us in glory
      - The Word became flesh
      - The Word tabernacled among us
        cf. OT tabernacle
      - We have seen His glory
        Glory of the one and only from the Father
        cf. OT shekinah glory
        Full of Grace and truth
        cf. Exo. 34:6
    - v. 15 John's continued witness to the Word
      - John Witnessed concerning Him
      - He cried out - saying
        This is the one
        about Whom I said
        The one coming after me
        Is greater than me
        because He was before me
    - v. 16-17 The very character of God is present in the Word
      - From His fullness
      - We have received grace upon grace
      - The Law was given through Moses
        not negative, but first positive step to becompleted by next positive step
        cf. OT giving of Law
      - Grace and truth came through Jesus Christ
        cf. Exo. 34:6
        Climax of God's revelation which began in the law
    - v. 18 The Word is the revealer of God Himself
      - No one has ever seen God
        cf. Exo 33:20
      - The one and only God
        Who is near the heart of the Father
      - Has made Him known
- Public ministry (Book of signs) 1:19-ch.12
  - From John to Jesus 1:19-51
    - John's witness to Jesus 1:19-34
      - His identity 1:19-24
        This is the testimony of John
        testified, did not deny, testified, I am not the Christ, not Elijah, not the prophet of Dt. 18
        Isaiah's preparer for the Lord's coming - cf. Isa 40:3
        When Jewish leaders question him
      - His mission
        why do you baptize?
        witness to the one
        you do not know him
        Coming after me
        I am not worthy - expression of extreme humility
        Historical detail - shows authentic eyewitness
      - The Lamb of God - taking the sins of the world
        ref to passover and sacrificial system
        see also Isa. 53:3-6
        This is the one I said - after, yet before, but greater
      - Circle back, reason for baptizing is to testify to Him
        so that HE may be revealed to ISRAEL
      - testified by presence of Spirit remaining
        Spirit comes down from HEaven - theme
        Spirit remains on Him - theme
        Spirit on Him OT theme of Suffering Servant/Coming Messiah
        Isa 11:2
        Isa 42:1
        Isa 61:1
      - Key verse - "I have seen and I have testified that this One is the Son of God - theme
    - Jesus gains disciples 1:35-51
      - through witness of John 1:35-39
        Again John testifies to the Lamb of God- 1:35-6
        Two Disciples
        follow Jesus, -polite way to ask to spend time with Jesus
        Come and See Jesus
        and remain with Jesus - all themes
      - through witness of friends/relatives 1:40-51
        Andrew to Peter
        Andrew and ? - John?
        Andrew testitied to Peter - we have found the Messiah
        He brought him to Jesus
        Got a name change
        Phillip to Nathaniel
        Philip called by Jesus
        Philip testified to Nathaniel - we have found the prophet that Moses wrote about -cf. J the B's denials
        Nazareth?!?
        Come and See - cf. v. 39
        Nathaniel a TRUE Israelite -
        contrast Jews?
        Wordplay on "Jacob", contrast Jacob
        no guile, deceit, treachery in Him
        How do you know?
        I saw you under the tree - foreknowledge? not told
        Nathaniel's confession - Key verse - You are the Son of God, the King of Israel
        Jesus - you ain't seen nothing yet - to those who believe He gives/shows more
        Theme of believe
        Theme of greater things
        You will see the angels coming down and going up from heaven on the Son of Man - ref. Jacob's ladder - Gen 28:12
        Theme of going up and coming down
  - The Cana cycle of signs 2:1-4:54
    - Water to wine 2:1-12
      - First sign at wedding in Cana 2:1-11
        Wedding feast with mother there - Disciples and Jesus invited
        wine ran out - mother asked Jesus -
        why? conjecture - possibly wedding planner
        What she expected? conjecture - possibly any help at all.
        almost certainly not expecting what she got
        Jesus distances himself - hour not yet
        Mention of stone jars used for OT cleansing ritual - Jesus superior
        Water became wine - some knew, some didn't
        Better wine than first - saved the best for last - double meaning
        2 Baruch ch. 29:3,5,8 Abundance of wine sign "that the Messiah shall then begin to be revealed" v. 8 talks about then Manna being revealed from heaven cf. ch. 6
        This was first of signs
        revealed His glory
        The disciples believed in Him
        Cf. purpose statement
      - transition statement 2:12
    - Jesus and the temple 2:13-25
      - Jesus clears the temple 2:13-17
        Almost Time of Passover
        Jerusalem
        Drove out the sellers etc. with whip
        Issue was His Father's house being a market - notice "My Father"
        Confirmation of Scripture - Psa 69:9
      - Controversy and the temple of His body 2:18-22
        Jews ask for "sign" regarding "authority"
        Jesus answered - Destroy temple and I will rebuild in 3 days
        Misunderstanding/ double meaning
        John's editorial clarification from hindsight of resurrection
        Temple is His Body
        Disciples remembered, believed Scripture, Believed Jesus' words
      - Inadequate belief 2:23-25
        Many saw the signs and believed
        Jesus did not entrust selves to them
        same word as believe - helps define belief
        He knew - theme
        Did not need man's testimony - theme, has better testimony
        He knew what was in man
        Hinting that their belief in the miracles was belief, but incomplete, inadequate belief
        There must be more to beliving
    - Jesus and Nicodemus 3:1-21
      - Conversation with Nicodemus (The "How" of eternal life) 3:1-15
        Nicodemus comes to Him
        Comes at night - don't press significance
        Believes in signs - inadequate faith?
        Jesus replies - You must be born again
        No one can see the Kingdom of God
        Unless He is Born anothen
        Double meaning
        again, repeat
        from above - pointing to heaven
        Nicodemus misunderstands
        sees first meaning - again
        BTW, that is often the only meaning we see, why we so often miss the significance of these verses
        why so many people claim to be 'born-again" and live no differently
        They think (Because they have been told) That all we have to do is pray a prayer, etc. and we will change our own life and get a fresh start . Just buy my book, donate to my ministry, pray holding my special prayer shammy and follow my 5 easy steps and your life will be totally changed by the end of the week
        Obvious objection - cannot go back into Mother's womb - what are you talking about? How can this be?
        Jesus clarifies
        Born of Water and Spirit - Ezek 36, Isa 32,44
        Flesh to flesh - Spirit to spirit
        Rant on doing ministry in the flesh
        Criticizes Nic for not getting reference to born from above
        Spirit is Sovereign in salvation
        illustration/double entendre of wind/Spirit
        Blows where it wants
        Don't see it directly
        See the effects
        Nicodemus doesn't understand
        Nicodemus asks how can this be?
        repeat of same language - "how able"
        Jesus challenges his unbelief/inability/misunderstanding
        you are a teacher OF ISRAEL and you don't get it?
        Jesus cuts to the heart of the matter - disconnect between heaven and earth
        disconnect with testimony
        Jesus knows and speaks, testifies what He has seen
        Nicodemus does not receive His testimony
        Jesus tells him earthly things and he does not believe
        How will he believe if Jesus tells him heavenly things
        Nic just not able to hear
        Disconnect with ability to reconnect
        Nic not able to bridge the Gap
        No one goes up to heaven
        Jesus is able to bridge the Gap
        The one from heaven has come down - the Son of man
        Jesus is in process of making a way
        Just as Moses lifted up the snake
        in shape of what was killing them
        all who looked at it were healed
        The Son of Man must be lifted up
        double meaning - ultimately pointing to the cross
        shape of what is killing us - guilt of sin - everything else just a symptom - rant
        all who look and believe are healed
        ***Purpose*** So that everyone who believes will have eternal life in Him
      - Comment/Application 3:16-21
        God Gave His Son (life and death) 3:16-18
        God has given His Son to save
        God loved the World in this certain way
        first use of word "love" in this Gospel
        The Result: He gave His Son to save the world
        General: He gave His Son that those who believe are saved
        He gave His one of a kind Son
        Those who believe are saved
        Neg.: Those who believe shall not perish
        Pos.: Those who believe shall have eternal life
        Specific: He sent His Son for the purpose of saving those who believe
        Neg.: He did not send to condemn
        He did not send His Son into the world
        For the purpose of condemning the world
        Pos.: He sent His Son to save
        [He sent His Son]
        For the purpose of saving the world through Him
        The Implication: Those who believe in the Son are saved
        Pos.: Those who believe in Him are not condemned
        Neg.: Those who don’t believe are condemned
        Those who don’t believe stand condemned already
        Reason: Because they have not believed in the Name of God’s One & Only Son
        The Judgment (light and darkness) 3:19-21
        The judgement
        The light came into the world
        cf. prologue
        Men loved the darkness instead
        Reason: their deeds were evil, wicked, worthless
        The underlying principle
        Everyone who practices evil
        hates the light
        He does not come to the light
        So that his deeds are not exposed
        The one who does the truth
        Comes to the light
        So that his works might be manifest
        - not prideful, but that they are done in/by God
    - John's witness to Jesus 3:22-36
      - John witnessed to Jesus 3:22-30
        Intro Setting - 3:22-26
        historical eyewitness details 3:22-24
        Controversy - concerning ceremonial cleansing (same word as 2:6) 3:25
        Seemingly unrelated (but related in John's mind) Jesus is becoming more significant than J the B 3:26
        John's response - 3:27-30
        A man is not able to receive anything except it is given to him from heaven - double meaning, foreshadowing 3:27
        You can testify about me that I have already testified: 3:28
        I am not the Christ
        I was sent for this reason:
        Illustration of the bridegroom 3:29
        Wedding Metaphor is messianic
        I am the bestman, not the groom
        The bride belongs to Him
        I rejoice in the groom
        Therein is my Joy fulfilled
        It is necessary for Him to be greater and me to be less 3:30
      - Comment/Application 3:31-36
        One from heaven vs. one from earth
        One coming anothen
        One from above is above all- superior in status
        One being from the earth is from the earth
        he speaks from the earth
        One coming anothen is above all
        The testimony from above
        He testifies about what He has seen and heard
        No one receives His testimony
        The one who accepts it proves that God is true
        The One sent from God
        Sent one speaks for God -
        b/c Spirit without limit
        Father loves Son and entrusts Son with everything
        Same twofold choice with attending rewards
    - Jesus and the Samaritan woman 4:1-42
      - Jesus travels through Samaria 4:1-6
        Jesus is superior to John
        more disciples and baptisms
        Jesus Himself didn't baptize
        Left Judea toward Samaria
        Not afraid of the Pharisees
        Not afraid of conflict
        Not yet time for conflict with Pharisees - perfect divine timing
        "It was necessary" for Him to go through Samaria
        came to Sychar, region which Jacob gave to Joseph, where Jacob's well was
        OT Context/connection
        Jesus sat by the well, being tired, about noon
      - Jesus speaks to the woman at the well 4:7-26
        Opening dialogue about water to drink 4:7-9
        Woman comes to draw water
        Jesus asks her for a drink -
        breaking social convention - acceptance
        Building bridges with people on their own terms
        made self vulnerable/let self be served
        parenthesis that the disciples were gone for food
        Woman responds curious that he would break convention/prejudice and ask for a drink
        Dialogue turning to Spiritual water to satisfy 4:10-15
        Jesus replies to her (I can give living water) 4:10
        if she knew the gift of God
        and who it is who is asking her for a drink
        she would ask Him
        and He would give living water.
        On living water see Jer 2:13, Ezek 47:1-23, Isa 49:10; 55:1, Jer 17:13, Joel 3:18, Zech 14:8
        The woman misunderstands/inquires (How can you give water?) 4:11-12
        Like Nicodemus misses the point
        she is only thinking literally,
        when Jesus is speaking figuratively/spiritually/metaphorically
        Objections to His ability to give water
        How can you get water
        you don't have a bucket
        the well is deep
        From where are you going to get this living water?
        Are you greater than Jacob? (expects negative answer)
        Jacob our father - hint at greater Father
        He gave us the well
        He drank from it
        His sons drank from it
        His animals drank from it
        Jesus replies (My water satisfies unto eternal life) 4:13-14
        This (literal) water does not satisfy
        everyone who drinks of this water will thirst again
        My (figurative) water does satisfy
        whoever drinks from the water that I give
        will not thirst forever
        My (figurative) water becomes a spring leaping up into eternal life
        The water which I give to him
        will become in him
        a spring of water
        bubbling up into eternal life
        The woman misunderstands/asks for water 4:15
        Give me this water
        So I won't thirst
        So I won't have to hike to the well to get water
        She could only see according to her 'felt needs' and would have missed the better satisfaction
        Jesus graciously, gently, but firmly confronted her real needs
        Evangelism must steer people away from what they think they want to what they really need or it is not loving and is not true evangelism.
        sometimes witness needs to tear down in order to build up
        kill earthly dreams to give heavenly dreams
        kill self-esteem/self-centered/self to give real life - Christ-centered
        kill tyranny/idolatry of slavery to desire/self to give that which truly satisfies.
        You are settling too low - set your sights higher
        Dialogue about her personal life/husband 4:16-18
        Jesus tells her to call her husband and come back there
        She replies that she doesn't have a husband
        Jesus replies
        You have spoken well that you do not have a husband
        for you have had five husbands and the one you have now is not your husband
        This you have said truly
        Dialogue about worship 4:19-24
        She dodges with theological/tradition question
        I see that you are a prophet
        Settle the controversy of where we should worship: on this mountain or in Jerusalem?
        Jesus replies about worship
        Believe me, woman - double meaning "Believe in me"
        Not external ritual
        Because of the "hour"
        the place/external rituals of worship are no longer important
        worship is to the Father
        Knowing God/ good theology is important for worship
        you worship The One you do not know
        we worship The One we know
        Double meaning
        remember Jesus is to make God known
        Jesus is qualified to make God known because He Knows God
        Salvation is from the Jews
        True worship is Spirit and Truth
        because of the "hour"
        The true worshippers
        will worship the Father
        in Spirit and Truth - one prep. one concept in two words
        i.e. two parts of the same thing - unseparatable
        If not in Spirit, not in Truth
        if not in Truth, not in Spirit
        If missing either, not true worship
        probably means/manner - "by" Spirit and Truth, "with/using" Spirit and Truth
        #1 tool for worship is not a guitar or video or drama
        #1 tool for worship is Spirit and Truth
        Def. of Spirit and Truth?
        debated
        in immediate context
        Spirit = inward reality as opposed to outward place/tradition/ritual
        Truth = correct doctrine/understanding of God as opposed to Samaritan false/mistaken/partial understanding/knowing of God
        in larger context
        Spirit = Spirit of God, Spirit of Truth - the coming helper who will mediate God's presence and empower all future believers
        Truth = Jesus is the truth, the "true" one who is the fulfillment of all
        Spirit is Sprit of truth who leads us by all truth into all truth
        The Father is seeking these kind of worshippers
        God is Spirit
        Those who worship Him
        It is necessary to worship in Spirit and Truth
        Dialogue about Messiah 4:25-26
        She dodges with feigned agnosticism -
        I know Messiah is Coming (called Christ)
        When Messiah comes,
        He will announce/report/explain all things
        Jesus replies about His identity
        I Am (the Messiah)
        First "I Am" statement
        The one speaking to you (announcing/explaining all things)
      - The woman witnesses to Samaria 4:27-30
        The disciples return and wonder at Him conversing, but no one asks Him why
        The woman leaves
        leaving her water jar - found more important water
        went into the city
        Told the people
        Come, see - cf. Andrew and Philip
        A man told me everything I have done
        Could this be the Christ? (expecting negative answer)
      - Jesus teaches the disciples about the harvest 4:31-38
        Discourse about food 4:31-34
        The disciples ask Him to eat something
        He answers, I have bread to eat which you do not know - theme
        Disciples misunderstand - theme
        Has someone brought Him food?
        Jesus explains: My food is:
        to do the will of the One Who sent me
        and to complete His work
        Discourse about harvest 4:35-38
        Proverbial saying: there is a wait until the harvest - call for patience
        But I say - call for action
        lift up your eyes
        see that the fields are white for harvest already
        The harvester is receiving his reward
        He is gathering fruit into eternal life
        The planter and harvester rejoice together (Father and Son?)
        This saying is true
        One is the planter
        Another is the harvester
        I am sending you
        to harvest what you have not worked for
        Another has worked and you are entering into His fruit -
        poss. pointing to Spirit as the one who brings life
        cf. a narrative of surprising conversions -
        dropped into lap
        No room for boasting
      - The Samaritans believe 4:39-42
        Many from the city believed
        because of the woman's word/testimony
        That Jesus told her all that she did
        They asked Him to stay and He stayed two days
        Many more believed because of Jesus' word
        Contrast two words
        no longer we believe because of the woman's word
        We have heard this one
        We know that this one is the Savior of the World
    - Jesus back in Galilee (2nd sign) 4:43-54
      - Transition back to Galilee 4:43-35
        He went back to Galillee after two days
        Jesus testified that a prophet is not honored in His own hometown
        The Galileans received Him
        When He came into Galillee
        They received Him
        not yet the kind of receiving John is recommending
        They had seen the things (signs) which He did in Jerusalem at the feast
        setup for next section
        For they also had come to the feast
      - Healing the official's son 4:46-54
        He returned to Cana, where He made water into wine
        There was a royal, whose son was ill in Capernaum
        Probably refered to someone in a royal household (official)
        prob. official in Herod Antipas' court
        Poss. gentile, but not certainly
        He heard that Jesus was in the region
        He went to Him
        He asked Him to come down and heal his son, because he was about to die.
        Jesus responds
        seems like a harsh response to a reasonable request
        If you do not see signs and wonders
        "You" is plural - not just this guy, but people in general
        rant on signs for signs sake or for selfish sake
        Signs are to see Jesus
        You will certainly not believe
        not proving necessity of signs and wonders
        but criticizing their lack of faith without them
        He will later bless those who believe based on testimony - re:Thomas
        The man responds
        Come before my son dies
        Jesus responds
        Go, your son will live
        puts him in a faith challenge - do I trust His promise?
        The man responds
        He believes His word- John's purpose
        He went home
        The result
        While he was going, his servant met him
        He said, your son is living
        He asked the hour when his son got better
        He was told the hour when the fever left his son
        The man knew that this was the hour when Jesus said, "Your son will live"
        He and his whole house believed
        The summary: This was the second sign which Jesus did, coming from Judea into Galilee
  - The Feast cycle of signs 5:1-10:42
    - Healing of the lame man and Sabbath controversy 5:1-47
      - Healing of the man at the pool 5:1-9
        Setting
        Jesus went to Jerusalem at a feast of the Jews - cf. Jewish festival setting of this whole section
        Background information about the pool and infirmed people who were there
        there was a certain man there 38 years in his sickness
        Jesus saw him and KNEW
        Jesus initiated - Do you want to be well/whole/healthy - double meaning
        Man responded - misunderstanding
        I have no one to throw me in
        when I get there it is too late
        Jesus responded -
        "Take up your mat and walk"
        Why did Jesus tell him to carry his mat?
        Possibly to show that he was healed
        more probably because Jesus was purposefully picking a fight
        The man immediately became well
        healed before he did anything, not waiting on his response before healing
        Man responded - "He took up his mat and walked"
      - Controversy over the Sabbath 5:9-18
        foreshadowing of controversy: That day was the Sabbath
        the Jews confronted the man who had been healed
        It is the Sabbath
        It is not allowed for you to "Take up your mat"
        Not actually breaking OT Law, but breaking their traditions that had surrounded the law
        In the same way, Jesus does not break the Law, but their traditions
        The problem with Pharisaism is not that they are zealous to keep the law, as if licence were the cure
        Their problem was substituting human traditions and rules for God's standard and right understanding of its purpose and the heart behind it. Jesus said as much in Mk. 7 honor with lips, hearts far away, worship me in vain, teaching as doctrines the commandments of men. Forsaken the commands of God and hold to the tradition of men.
        Throwing away God's laws and making up new traditions that better suit our depraved, self-centered culture is not evan an improvement over pharisaic legalism
        Best way is the Christian way - Joyously, motivated by gratitude for grace given and faith in future grace and trust in God's holiness, we don't set aside the Law, but rather uphold the law. We demonstrate to a watching world that slavery to God brings more freedom, than the counterfeit freedom of doing whatevery you want, which is not freedom, but slavery to sin.
        Man responded
        The one who make me whole
        Said "Take up your mat and walk"
        they responded
        Who is this man
        Who told you "Take up and walk"?
        notice blatant repetition
        irony/misunderstanding
        They noticed the rule breaking, but missed the obvious - the guy was healed
        Augustine "They sought darkness from the Sabbath more than light from the miracle."
        the man did not know
        irony/misunderstanding - how could he not know?
        Jesus had withdrawn and there was a crown in the place
        Jesus followed up
        found him later in the temple
        told him: You are healed, no longer sin so that something worse doesn't happen to you
        Stop sinning
        You have new physical life
        Now get new spiritual life
        not a threat to take back the healing
        not so much a threat at all
        but a promise touching eternity
        so therefore, yes, a loving, hopeful, compassionate threat
        The man tattled
        He went
        He reported (testified) that Jesus is the one who make him well
        The result
        because of this, the Jews persecuted Jesus
        because he did these things on the Sabbath
        Jesus responded
        Not dialogue with His opponents, just monologue
        My Father is still working
        Jewish tradition agrees that God is constantly working without breaking sabbath Exoc. Rab. 30:9
        Similar to Synoptics - God is a merciful healing God, therefore mercy and healings are not only permitted, but manditory
        And I am still working
        Jesus is doing what is right and compassionate and good
        Following in His Father's character and way
        The result
        because of this, the Jews sought to kill Him
        because, not only did He break the Sabbath
        but also He said God is His own Father
        objected to His terminology, ignored His Godlike character
        Thereby making Himself equal with God
        One of John's major points/themes
        Not just from the mouth of Jesus or disciples, but from opponents
        They did not misunderstand His claim, the recognized it, but rejected it.
      - Jesus and the Father 5:19-30
        Share Work
        The Son is not able to do anything from Himself if He does not see the Father doing
        Because what ever the Father does, the Son likewise does these things
        For the Father loves the Son
        And reveals to Him what He is doing
        And greater works than these He will reveal to Him
        This is a model for us
        All of these things- dependence, submission, abiding in, receiving revelation, being loved, doing greater works are said of disciples in relationship to Jesus later in the Upper Room discourse
        Just as Jesus looks to the Father and the Father works through the Son, so also we look to Jesus and Jesus works through us
        so that You may marvel, be astonished, extraordinarily impressed
        more than ooh and ah, but life changing/shaking
        Share ability to give life
        What greater works? Just as the Father raises the dead and gives them life
        So also the Son will make alive whomever He wills
        For Jews, God alone could give life and raise the dead (rightly so)
        For Jesus to claim this for Himself was a big deal
        Share judgment
        The Father judges no one
        The judgment of all, He has given to the Son
        Share honor
        So that all may honor the Son
        Just as they honor the Father
        The Father who sent him
        Response to the Son is response to the Father
        Twofold choice
        The one hearing my word
        And believing the One who sent me
        has eternal life
        And will not come into judgment
        but he has been permanently transformed from death into life
        Now hour coming and is
        The dead will hear the voice of the Son of God
        Those who hear will live
        Delegated life
        Just as the Father has life in Himself
        So also He gave the Son to have life in Himself
        (implied and authority to give life)?
        Delegated judgment
        He has given authority to the Son to do judgment/justice
        because He is the Son of Man
        don't marvel at this
        Twofold choice
        Coming hour
        All in the tombs will hear His voice
        Those doing good will come out into resurrection of life
        Those practicing wickedness into resurrection of judgment
        cf. Dan 12, Jn 3:16-21
        Summary
        I am not able to do anything from myself
        Just as I hear, I judge
        and my judgment is right/righteous
        because I do not seek my own will
        but I seek the will of the One who sent me
      - The witnesses to Jesus 5:31-40
        Not Myself (only)
        If I witness to myself, my testimony is not true (valid, genuine, acceptable cf. 2 or 3 witnesses)
        Another is testifying concerning me
        I know His testimony is valid/true
        which He testifies concerning me
        John
        You sent to John
        He testified to the truth
        I don't rely on human testimony
        I say this so you might be saved
        This one was the light - burning and shining
        You were willing to rejoice in his light for a while
        Works from the Father
        I have a greater witness than John
        The works which my Father gave me so that I would complete them
        The works which I do testify concerning me - that the Father sent me
        cf. Nicodemus "We know you are from God"
        Father
        The sent me Father, this one testifies concerning me
        You have not heard His voice or seen His form - cf. 1:18
        His Word does not remain in you - cf. 1:10-11
        because you do not believe the One He sent
        Scripture
        You search the Scriptures
        You think you will have eternal life in them
        These are the ones witnessing concerning me
        (Like John pointing away from self to Jesus)
        And still you do not come to me
        so that you may have life
        Every witness is good and true
        They sort of receive witness from all of these, but make disconnect because they don't follow to the conclusion that they are pointing to
      - Glory and accusation 5:41-47
        Glory
        Jesus' glory
        I don't receive glory from man
        You don't receive my glory
        but I know you(pl.)
        That you do not have the love of God in yourself
        I have come in the Name of My Father
        and you have not received me
        If someone else comes in his own name, you receive him
        Opponents' glory
        How are you able to believe?
        receiving glory from another
        and you do not seek the glory from the Only God
        Accusation
        don't think that I accuse you before the Father
        Moses is the one accusing you
        the one in whom you hope
        If you believed Moses, you would believe in me
        For he wrote about me
        If you don't believe these Scriptures
        How will you believe my words?
    - Bread of Life and Words of Life 6:1-71
      - Jesus feeds the 5000 6:1-15
        Setting
        Across the sea of Galilee
        Crowds followed because they saw signs - incomplete faith
        Up the mountain with His disciples
        It was near the Passover
        Jesus feeds 5000
        Saw the crowds
        Tested Philip - misunderstood
        Fed them with loaves and fish - very similar story to synoptics with completely different wording, cf. independent eyewitness account
        Everyone fed and more leftovers than they started with food
        People's conclusion
        seeing the sign
        They said - this is truly the prophet who was coming into the world
        Jesus' escape
        left because they wanted to make Him King
        He was already King and they misunderstood His Kingdom - foreshadow to Pilate
      - Jesus walks on water 6:16-21
        Account similar but different from Synoptics
        Nothing much remarkable in the storytelling (except the obvious)
        He said to them "I AM - Do not fear"
        probably not "I AM" statement, but cannot fail to hear echoes - cf. double meaning
        Then they were willing to receive Him into the boat and immediately the boat landed at the destination (2 miracles)
        Remarkable for no editorial addition where you would have expected it,
        no disciple reaction or confession -
        building to bigger conclusion
        Actually downplaying the miraculous on its own
        Rather pointing to the significance of the miraculous as more important
      - Bread of Life discourse 6:22-59
        The crowds find Jesus 6:22-25
        They looked for Him and didn't find Him
        Eventually found Him and asked how He got there
        Highlight the place was described as the place where they ate the bread blessed by the Lord
        hint that there is where their interest really was
        The true bread from Heaven 6:26-34
        Jesus confronts their motivation for seeking Him
        already downplayed seeking signs in favor of seeking the true significance of Jesus
        They are not even to the level of seeking signs
        They only seek Jesus because they ate bread and were satisfied - don't get it
        Like Israelites grumbling in the desert
        This whole section parallel to the Israelites in the desert
        Jesus encourages them to find better bread
        Don't work for bread that is destroyed,
        Note, bread is not a side dish, but the staple
        No bread = starve to death
        but for the bread that remains into eternal life
        Theme of remain
        eternal life theme
        Which the Son of Man will give you
        This one the Father - God has verified - cf. 3:33
        They misunderstand
        What should we do to do the work of God
        Jesus recommends faith
        The work of God is that you would believe in the One that He sent
        They ask for a sign - stupid
        What sign will you do so that we will see and believe you? What work?
        (how about the many signs you have already seen? How about the testimony?)
        They recommend a good sign for Him -
        Rabbis taught that when the redeemer appears, he will cause manna to descend like Moses
        but their request probably rose no higher than "fill their bellies again!"
        Our fathers ate manna in the desert
        OT quote - bread from heaven
        why this quote? - Jesus will respond highlighting what really came down from heaven - any guesses based on the prologue and ch. 3?
        Jesus responds
        The true bread isn't the bread from Moses
        My Father is giving (present) you the true bread from heaven
        The bread of God is the One coming down from heaven and giving life to the world - cf. prologue
        They misunderstand
        they say give us this bread
        Typical in John Jesus is speaking figuratively/metaphorically and people mistakenly take Him literally
        The key to understanding this section is to realize He is picking up on their request for bread and following the metaphor consistently to speak of spiritual/eternal things, not literal things
        i.e., this coming section is not about communion - at least not primarily
        misunderstand this section and communion if you try to connect the two
        Jesus is the bread of life 6:35-40
        "I AM the bread of Life
        Coming to me parallel to believing in me - both lead to satisfaction - cf. ch. 4
        "Coming to me" is connected to being given by the Father, (connected with will not perish and not being cast out), being drawn by the Father and hearing and learning from the Father
        eating and drinking connected with coming and believing - key to metaphor of this whole section - protect from misunderstanding
        Accusation - you don't believe, even though you've seen
        Everyone whom the Father gives, comes and is not thrown out
        because I came down from heaven - cf. prologue and ch. 3
        not to do my will
        but the will of the One who sent me
        This is the will of the One who sent me
        everyone whom He gives me I will not destroy/lose from Him
        But I will raised him up at the last day
        this is the will of My Father
        All who see the Son and believe
        cf. snake in ch. 3
        will have eternal llfe
        And I will raise him up at the last day
        The Jews grumble and the reason they can't believe 6:41-47
        The Jews grumble because He said "I AM the bread that came down from heaven"
        They misunderstand
        because they know His earthly origin
        They assume they know His origin
        irony - they miss His ultimate heavenly origin
        You'll see this a few times in the next few chapters
        Jesus never responds and addresses His dual origin directly - already told divine origin
        Always presses to look with better eyes
        The Father brings people to Jesus - cf. flesh and spirit
        don't grumble
        connection with following is following is reason for their unbelief
        They have not been drawn by the Father - flesh profits nothing
        No one is able to come to me if not the Father Who sent me draws him
        And I will raise him up at the last day
        Scripture proof - they will be taught by God
        The one who listens to God and learns come to me
        Disclaimer, not that anyone has direct access to God,
        except the One who came from God
        This One has seen the Father
        cf. 1:18
        Whoever believes has eternal life
        Jesus is the (better) bread of life 6:48-51
        "I AM the bread of Life"
        The fathers ate manna and died
        This is the bread coming down from heaven that someone may eat and not die - superiority of Jesus
        "I AM the bread of life that came down from heaven"
        If someone eats this bread, he will live forever
        This bread is my flesh which I give for the life of the world - cf. 3:16, 1:14
        Receiving/Feeding on the bread of life 6:52-58
        The Jews misunderstand again by taking literally
        Jesus responds by affirming must eat and drink His flesh and blood or not have life
        already connected with coming to Him and believing in v. 35
        not pointing to communion, but the reality to which communion points - crucifixion and faith - don't get hung up on the middle man
        but the one who does eat and drink has eternal life and I will raise him up at the last day
        My flesh is the true bread and my blood is the true drink
        contrast to incomplete and inadequate earthly food (even manna from heaven)
        Jesus is superior
        Those who eat and drink remain in me and I in him
        Just as the living Father sent me, and I live through the Father,
        So also the one eating me will live through me
        This is the bread that came down from heaven
        Not like those who ate manna and died
        Historical setting teaching in synagogue in Capernaum 5:59
      - Separating the true disciples from the crowd 6:60-71
        Jesus challenges their unbelief 6:60-65
        Many of the disciples hearing said this is a hard saying, who can hear (receive) it?
        Jesus knew that the disciples were grumbling
        even the disciples struggle with half- faith
        he challenges them - presses them to full belief
        You will not learn this in church growth conferences
        Normal temptation is to coddle people so they don't leave (opposite mistake is just as much a mistake)
        Rather, some times (graciously, with love) need to say get in with both feet or quit pretending to be a Christian
        God loves us enough to let us keep lying to ourselves and profaning His Name
        God regularly lets the church go through trial and persecution to weed out the half-hearted or strengthen them to full hearted
        the blood of the martyrs is the seed of the church
        Easy believism is the poison of the church
        Are you scandalized? what if you see the Son of Man going up where He was before
        The Spirit gives life, the flesh profits nothing
        cf. ch. 3
        The words I spoke are Spirit and Life
        But some of you do not believe
        Jesus knew from the beginning that some did not believe and who would betray Him
        He told them - for this reason I said no one is able to come toward me if it is not granted to him from the Father
        God/spirit is sovereign in salvation - no getting around it
        Climactic word to many of these sections
        Some disciples go, some disciples stay 6:66-71
        Many of the disciples left and no longer followed Him
        He asked the 12 if they wanted to leave as well
        Peter answered for the group
        Where would we go?
        You have the words of eternal life
        We have believed (Pf. tense) and we have known (Pf. tense) that you are the Holy One of God
        Model of true belief, confession and witness
        Jesus said, I chose you twelve and one of you is a devil (judas who would betray Him)
    - Jesus at the Feast of Tabernacles 7:1-8:59
      - Part 1 - Teaching at the feast with some controversy 7:1-52
        Will Jesus go to the feast? 7:1-9
        Jesus avoiding Judea because the Jews were trying to kill Him
        again, not afraid, but prudent, perfect timing
        Feast of Tabernacles near
        feast of wilderness wandering and God's provision
        Also associated with harvest and God's provision
        Cf. Jesus' superiority to Moses
        Unbelieving brothers try to push Him into the spotlight
        Go to Judea and show off your works - miracles
        Brother's unbelieving advice parallels satan's temptations in synoptics - do God's work with worldly methods
        No one does in secret if he wants to be revealed - irony
        Reveal yourself to the world - irony
        Jesus is not revealing Himself, but the Father
        Not pointing to signs, but signs pointing to Him and the Father's mission to save
        His glory is not revealed in spectacular productions seeking to impress sinful sensibilities and gain approval from men
        His glory is revealed in the shame, pain and self-giving service of the cross
        Let's follow Him in that way of service and avoiding the circus/self promotion model of ministry
        For His brothers did not yet believe in Him - danger of pandering to unbelievers who don't even know what they want, let alone what they need
        He replies -
        My right time is not yet
        cf. similar response to His mother in ch. 2
        Your time is any time
        The world is not able to hate you - introducing a theme
        the world hates me
        because I testify about it that its works are evil
        You go to the feast
        I am not going to this feast (right now)
        Because my right time is not yet fulfilled
        Having said this He remained in Galilee
        Jesus goes to the feast 7:10-11
        After his brothers went to the feast
        He went - not openly, but in secret - same words from His brothers - but opposite
        the Jews sought Him in the feast
        Questions of Jesus' identity 7:12-13
        there was much grumbling about Him in the crowds
        Some said that He is good
        Other say "No, He deceives the crowd"
        No one dared to speak openly about Him because they feared the Jews
        good leaders inspire confidence and respect and accountability, but not servile fear and pushing away
        Jesus teaches and challenges opponents 7:14-24
        In the midst of the feast, Jesus went to the temple and taught
        The Jews marveled at His teaching - wondered how He knew the Scriptures, not having been taught
        misunderstanding/irony- taught by God
        The one and only God/ eternal Word in the bosom of the Father, the only One who has come down from heaven does not need to be taught
        Jesus replied, the teaching is not mine, but from the One who sent me
        If someone wants to do His (God's) will, he will know that my teaching is from God, not from myself
        revelation comes to the obedient
        If you want to hear from God, obey what you have already heard and He will give you more
        Seeking glory
        The one speaking from himself seeks his own glory
        the one seeking the glory of the One who sent Him is true and no unrighteousness is in Him
        Following Moses
        Moses gave the law and you don't do the law
        Evidence - you are seeking to Kill me
        The crowds answered - He has a demon, who is seeking to kill you
        Introduction of an accusation that He was crazy
        irony - they didn't know, but He did
        they were in fact trying to kill Him
        Jesus answered -
        I did one work and you marveled
        This whole section points back to the healing of ch. 5
        Moses gave you circumcision, not from Moses, but from the fathers
        And you circumcise a man on the Sabbath - no big deal
        If you circumcise a man on the Sabbath to not break the Law of Moses
        Why are you angry at me because I made a whole man healthy on the Sabbath
        do not judge according to eyes, but judge the right/just/correct judgment
        double meaning - controversy because people don't see deeper, John's purpose that readers see deeper significance
        Questions of Jesus' identity 7:25-29
        Questions about His identity 7:25-26
        Some Jerusalemites spoke
        Isn't this the one they are trying to kill?
        Yet He is speaking freely and no one says anything to Him
        Is it possible that the rulers have concluded that this One is the Christ?
        they sense the incongruity of the previous two statements and are trying to find an explanation
        Question/doubt about His origin 7:27
        But we know where this One is from.
        When Christ comes - no one will know from where this One is.
        Why did they have this assumption?
        Jesus answers question about His origin 7:28-29
        Important issue regarding origins
        Doesn't address the falseness of the tradition
        Doesn't address that He was really born in Bethlehem, not Galilee
        Not stressing earthly origin, but heavenly
        Jesus cried out while teaching in the temple
        You know me
        You know where I am from
        Yet I do not speak from myself
        But the One who sent me is true, Whom you do not know
        I know Him because I am from Him
        This one sent me
        two origins -
        they knew the intermediate origin, which was not as important
        and they didn't even know that correctly
        they did not know His ultimate origin, which was most important - cf. prologue
        cf. Jn 8, where He contrasts them being from Abraham (earthly origin) with the devil being their father (ultimate origin)
        Attempt to arrest Jesus 7:30-32
        They tried to arrest Him, but were unsuccessful 7:30
        They sought to arrest Him
        No one put their hands on Him
        because His hour had not yet come
        recurring scene - God's perfect timing and sovereign control of the situation
        Many believed 7:31
        Many from the crowd believed in Him
        They said, When the Christ comes - will He do greater signs than this One is doing?
        They sent to arrest Him 7:32
        The Pharisees heard that the crowds were grumbling these things
        They sent soldiers to arrest Him
        Seek and not find (foreshadowing) 7:33-36
        Jesus replies 7:34-35
        I am with you still for a short time
        Then I am returning to the One Who sent me
        You will seek me and not find me
        possible ironic echo of 'seek and you will find' from the synoptics
        Where I am, you are not able to come
        The Jews react/misunderstand 7:35-36
        They said among themselves:
        Where is He about to go that we will not find Him?
        He is not about to go to the Diaspora among the Greeks to teach the Greeks, is He?
        irony, Greeks would come in ch. 12
        connected to His death
        After His glorification, He would go to Greeks and Romans and to the ends of the earth
        What does He mean when He says:
        You will seek me and you will not find me
        and where I am, you are not able to come
        Jesus promises living water 7:37-39
        Setting of the last (greatest) day of the feast
        see Sukkah 4:9
        water pouring ceremony
        cf. Zech ch. 14
        connected with thankfulness for rain
        cf. Bruce p. 181ff.
        poured out water on each day of the feast as a sign of thankfulness for God's provision of rain and asking for continued rain
        Apparently, this ritual did not take place on the last day of the feast - would point to Jesus' superiority to OT - when their water runs out, come to Him for unending supply
        Jesus stood and cried out
        If someone thirsts, let him come to me and drink
        cf. ch. 4, Isa 55:1
        The one who believes in me -
        A river of living water will flow out of His innermost being
        cf. ch. 4
        Just as Scripture said
        cf. Ezek 47; Jer 2:13, 17:13; Isa 12:3, esp. Zech 14:8
        John's interpretive clarification
        He said this concerning the Spirit whom the ones who are believing in Him are about to receive
        For the Spirit was not yet sent
        Because Jesus was not yet glorified
        sending of the Spirit tied to the atonement of the cross
        Cross makes presence and fellowship possible
        cf. OT temple
        Questions of Jesus' identity 7:40-44
        Therefore, some from the crowd heard this word and said "This One truly is the Prophet"
        Others said, "This One is the Christ"
        Others said,
        "The Christ will not come from Galilee"
        "Don't the Scriptures say that The Christ will come from the seed of David and from Bethlehem the village that David was from"
        There became a dispute among the crowd because of Him
        those who believed, believed because of His words
        those who didn't believe, did so because of their earth bound thinking
        But some wanted to arrest Him, but no one put their hands on Him
        Rejection by the Jewish leaders 7:45-52
        The soldiers' view
        The soldiers returned to the chief priests and pharisees
        They said to them - Why didn't you bring this One (arrest Jesus)
        The soldiers answered - No one ever spoke like this man
        The leaders' view
        they asked "are you deceived as well?"
        No one from the leaders or the pharisees has believed in Him
        not true, stay tuned
        But only the crowds, who do not know the law - they are cursed
        cf. ch. 5 Jesus on the testimony of the law to Him
        notice pride of the Pharisees who despised the common people and thought themselves better
        Nicodemus' view
        Nicodemus described
        the one who came toward him earlier
        one from among them
        Nicodemus defends
        Our law does not judge a man
        without first hearing from/about him
        and knowing what he is doing
        basic fairness and wisdom - cf. judge with right judgment v. 24
        The leaders were not submitted to the law, though they thought they were
        Leaders respond
        Are you also from Galilee - intended to be an insult
        Search and see that no prophet comes from Galilee
        not true - Jonah, possibly others
      - Part 2 - Controversy at the feast with some teaching 8:12-59
        Jesus is the light of the world 8:12
        see Sukkah 5:1-3
        Huge golden lamps lit at time of tabernacles
        There was not a court in Jerusalem that was not illuminated by the lights of the water-drawing (Suk 5:2 ROD)
        contrasted that ancestors turned their back on the temple to worship the sun, and they looked toward God Himself for light
        I AM the light of the world
        "I AM" saying
        cf. prologue
        The one who follows me will certainly not walk in the darkness
        continually follows ( present tense) cf. v. 31, the one who remains in my teaching
        Gk. double negative "certainly not"
        but will have the light of life
        cf. prologue
        Testimony about Jesus 8:13-20
        The Pharisees challenge Him
        You are witnessing about yourself
        cf. 5:31 Jesus said "If I testify about myself, testimony not true"
        Your witness is not true
        misunderstanding Jesus' previous claim not to testify concerning Himself - about having more witnesses than just himself - cf. 2 or 3
        Jesus' reply
        My testimony is true
        Even if I testify concerning myself
        substantiating testimony, not only testimony
        Source of testimony
        because I know where I have come from and where I am going
        cf. from above vs. from the earth, cf. prologue
        You do not know where I have come from and where I am going
        cf. questions about Jesus and misunderstandings in ch. 7
        judgment - different senses of judge (discern and legal sentence) interchanged
        You judge according to the flesh
        cf. from above vs. from the earth
        I am judging no one
        cf. ch. 5 will judge and does judgment, people judge/condemn themselves by rejecting Jesus
        If I judge, my judgment is true
        because I am not alone
        but the Father who sent me (is with me)
        In your law it is written that the testimony of two men is true
        I am the One testifying to myself
        And the Father who sent me is testifying concerning me.
        They asked - Where is Your Father?
        Jesus answered
        You don't know me or my Father
        If you knew me, you would know my Father as well
        cf. ch. 5 unity of Son and Father, honor Son and Father
        Historical context/details
        He said this while teaching in the treasury area of the temple
        No one arrested Him
        because His hour had not yet come
        Jesus challenges His opponents' unbelief 8:21-30
        He said to them again cf. 7:33ff.
        I am going and you will seek me
        And you will die in/by your sins
        Where I am going you are not able to come
        the Jews respond
        He is not going to kill Himself is He?
        irony, in one sense, He is going to die by His own planning and doing
        he was referring to His death
        repeat what He just said as reason for previous -
        emphasis by repetition
        theme of difference between His ability to go to heaven and their inability - cf. from above and below
        He responds
        You are from below
        I am from above
        You are from this world
        I am not from this world
        note that He will soon tell the disciples that they are not of this world, even though in the world
        note that Jesus is giving the opportunity to bridge the gap between this world and His Father's Kingdom by believing in Him who is the one come down from above
        You will die in/by your sins
        reason
        if you do not believe in me
        Lit. "unless you believe that I Am..." , I AM statement
        cf. Isa 43:10 "You are my witnesses, declares the LORD, and my servant whom I have chosen, so that you may know and believe me and understand that I am He. Before me no god was formed, nor will there be one after me."
        you will die in/by your sins
        They respond
        Who are you?
        Theme of identity of Christ
        he responds
        I have already told you from the beginning - cf. 1:1
        I have many things to say and to judge
        But the one who sent me is true
        only by God's perfect timing
        Whatever I hear from Him this I speak to the world
        John's explanation
        they did not know that He was talking about the Father
        lit. he was speaking the Father to them
        Jesus continues
        When you lift up the Son of Man
        double meaning
        lift up as exalt
        lift up as crucified
        which is lifting up as the snake (ch. 3)
        which is the means of His greatest glory and exaltation
        cf. Isa 52:13-14 - both suffering and exaltation - "See, my servant will act wisely; he will be raised and lifted up and highly exalted. Just as there were many who were appalled at him - his appearance was so disfigured beyond that of any man and his form marred beyond human likeness.
        Then you will know that I AM
        and from myself I do nothing
        but just as the father taught me, these things I speak
        And the One Who sent me is with me
        He has not left me alone
        Because i do the things that are pleasing to Him always
        When He said these things, many believed in Him
        Question who is whose Father 8:31-47
        Slave or free? 8:31-36
        If you remain, you will be free disciples
        Jesus said to those who believed in Him
        cf. v. 30 apparently half, but not complete believe, cf. theme
        If you remain in my word
        theme of remaining
        continual faithful following the ideal for belief, not one time easy believism
        you will truly be my disciples
        and you will know the truth
        notice repetition of 'truth' language - theme
        notice in some sense, commitment and faithfulness precedes fullness of knowledge
        "I believe, that I may understand" - Augustine
        "Earthly things must be known to be loved, heavenly things must be loved to be known" - Pascal
        And the truth will set you free
        notice that the truth is the source of freedom, not ritual or superstition or experience
        understanding, embrace, experiential knowledge and application of the truth (the One who is true) by the power of the Spirit of Truth is the only way to true freedom
        Any claimed method to freedom that does not center here will not lead to true lasting freedom, but just a change of masters
        Rom. 6, Exodus "Let people go so that they may serve me" - only true freedom is slavery to God
        Our culture's view of freedom as freedom to do what I want always leads to bondage
        Christian view of freedom as freedom to do what is right is true freedom and leads to eternal life
        They resent, react to the suggestion that they are not free
        We are descendants of Abraham
        lit. seed of Abraham
        And no one has ever enslaved us
        irony, they were under Roman rule
        irony, they were under satan's rule
        How can you say that "you will be free"
        Jesus clarifies that they are slaves to sin and proves it
        Truly I say to you that everyone who is doing sin is a slave to sin
        The slave does not remain in the house forever
        But the Son, remains forever
        double meaning - THE SON, and also the children of God
        theme of remaining
        If the Son frees you, you are truly free
        periphrastic - you are being free
        emphasis reality and finality of freedom
        Child of God or Child of the devil? 8:37-47
        I know that you are Abraham's descendants
        But you don't bear Abraham's likeness
        you are seeking to kill me
        because there is no room for my word in you
        same word in 2:6 and 21:25 for capacity to contain in water jars and whole world of books
        possibly go forward, make progress - my word makes no headway in you
        possibly accept, as in make room for - cf. Mat. 19:11-12, 2 Cor. 7:2
        I have spoken what I have seen in the presence of the Father
        Therefore you are doing (or imperative, do) what you have heard from the Father
        ambiguity - imperative or indicative
        ambiguity - which Father is He speaking of
        'from the F/father' is two different Gk. constructions in this phrase and previous phrase - significance?
        if connected to previous context - referring to God the Father
        if connected to following context - referring to their real father the devil
        Text critical issue - "your" added in some manuscripts to clarify or take away ambiguity
        They react with resentment - "Abraham is our father"
        misunderstand His statement
        don't really interact with His statement, just restate their position
        Jesus says- "You don't resemble Abraham but your real father"
        If you were Abraham's children, you would do the works of Abraham
        What is the work that Abraham did?
        He believed God! - Gen 15:6 - theme of John
        But now you are seeking to kill me
        a Man Who spoke the truth to you
        truth which I heard in the presence of the Father
        Abraham did not do this
        You are doing the works of YOUR father
        They defend themselves offensively
        We were not born from fornication
        probably stab at His own birth which was probably rumored to be illegitimate
        cf. question of origins - they misunderstand His earthy origin as well as His heavenly origin
        We have one Father - God Himself
        they up the ante and claim God to be their Father
        Jesus says - "You don't resemble God either, but your real father"
        If God were your Father, you would love me
        This is what God does, Father loves the Son
        cf. 3:35, 5:20
        reason - Jesus from God
        Because I went out from God and have now come cf. from above theme
        I have not come from myself
        But this one sent me - 'sent' theme
        Why don't you know/understand my speech/speaking to you?
        reason - because you are not able to hear my word - cf. 6:44
        reason - you are from the devil
        you are from your father the devil
        and you want to do the desires of your father
        you resemble your father's character
        This one was a murderer from the beginning
        and he does not stand in the truth
        because the truth is not in him
        when he speaks a falsehood
        he speaks from his own character
        because he is a liar and the father of it
        because I spoke the truth, you do not believe me
        Who can convict me of sin
        If I speak the truth, why do you not believe me?
        Bottom line - from God or not
        The one from God hears the words from God
        because of this, you do not hear, because you are not from God
        Jesus testifies about Himself 8:48-59
        They accuse Him again
        Have we not spoken rightly about you
        that you are a Samaritan
        and you have a demon - i.e. you are crazy
        He responds to their accusation
        I do not have a demon
        But I honor my Father
        And you dishonor me - cf. 5:23
        I am not seeking my glory
        But there is one who is seeking it and judging
        He promises eternal life as an alternative
        I tell you the truth
        If someone keeps my word
        theme of obedience
        Jesus models obedience throughout the Gospel - What I see/hear, that I do
        he will certainly not (double neg.) see death forever
        They misunderstand and object
        Abraham died
        The prophets died
        And you say
        if someone keeps my word
        he will certainly not taste death forever
        you are not greater than our father Abraham and the prophets, who died?
        expecting negative answer
        irony - He is greater
        theme - Jesus is greater
        Who do you think you are?
        at least they are asking the right question
        theme question - identity of Jesus
        Jesus answers in a true, yet not boastful way
        Jesus' glory
        If I glorify myself, my glory is nothing
        My Father is the one Who glorifies me
        Whom you claim that He is our God
        And you do not know Him
        Jesus' relation to the Father
        I know Him
        If I said I do not know Him, I would be a liar like you
        But I do know Him, and I keep His Word
        Jesus' relation to Abraham
        Abraham your father rejoiced that he would see my day
        He saw
        And he was glad
        They misunderstand and object
        you are not yet 50 years old
        and you have seen Abraham?
        He clarifies by stating His identity clearly
        truly, truly I am saying to you
        Before Abraham was
        I AM - clear statement of divinity, identity, I AM statement
        They did not misunderstand, but objected
        they picked up stones
        to throw at Him - (kill Him for blasphemy)
        Jesus was hidden and leaves the temple
    - Healing of the man born blind and Sabbath controversy 9:1-10:21
      - Healing of the blind man 9:1-12
        Setting/background
        Notice this whole chapter parallels and contrasts with the healing of the lame man in ch. 5
        No explicit change of time or scene, closely connected thematically with preceding light/darkness, for/against
        Described as blind from birth to show the magnitude of the miracle
        Disciples asked reason for blindness and stated common Jewish belief that misfortune direct result of sin
        partly right - all suffering in general is the result of sin in general
        partly right - some specific suffering is the direct result of specific sin
        partly wrong - not all suffering is so directly connected to sin
        partly wrong - supposed that we can always know the reasons and God can't do things for His own good purposes in a way that defies our ability to understand
        Purpose of revealing the works of God - God uses bad things for the good, includes bad things in His plan, yet is not the direct author of evil
        Doing the works of God
        It is necessary for US - includes the disciples in His ministry - beginning to pass the baton
        do the works of the One who sent me - again God is described as the sending one
        while it is day - theme of light/darkness
        night is coming, when no one is able to work - foreshadowing of cross - hinting that He will not always be with them
        while I am in the world, I am the light of the world - repetition from 8:12
        Healing
        spit and made mud
        put mud on eyes
        told to wash in pool of Siloam
        What is the point of all this?
        could have instantly healed with word
        picking fight with Pharisees
        healing involved obedience of the blind man
        focus on "sent"
        No coincidence that is is the pool from which the water is drawn for the water pouting ceremony at the feast of Tabernacles - Jesus is still superior to all that
        The man went and washed and came away seeing
        Question of identity - cf. earlier questions of Jesus' identity
        his neighbors and those who had seen him begging asked:
        This is not the one who was sitting and begging, is it?
        Others said, this one is the one
        Others said, no, it is another who looks like him
        The man said,I am the one - cf. I AM language
        Question of how
        They asked him, "How were your eyes opened?"
        He answered - "The man called Jesus made mud and smeared it on my eyes and said go to Siloam and wash. Therefore, when I went and washed, I saw."
        They asked - "How is this?"
        He answered, "I don't know."
      - The investigation of the miracle 9:13-34
        First round 9:13-17
        background
        They brought the formerly blind man to the Pharisees
        It was the Sabbath
        reminded again that Jesus made mud and opened the blind eyes - repetition like "take up and walk"
        just as they saw take up and missed the walk
        now they see the making mud and miss the opened eyes
        The Pharisees ask how he is seeing
        He answers - He put mud on my eyes and I washed and I see
        The Pharisees make a wrong judgment -
        This one is not from God - source cf. 8:38
        because He does not keep the Sabbath
        Others make a right judgment -
        How is a sinful man able to do these kinds of signs
        i.e. He is doing the signs, therefore He cannot be a sinner like you suppose
        There was a schism/ division of opinion among them
        The blind man testifies pt. 1 partial -
        They ask the blind man again
        What do you say concerning Him?
        because He opened your eyes
        He said - He is a prophet
        The parents testimony 9:18-23
        The Jews did not believe that hew was blind and was healed
        Until they sent for the parents of the man who now sees
        difficult to translate - throughout this section the man is referred to as the man blind from birth or the man seeing (again)
        They asked his parents 3 questions
        Is this your son?
        whom you say he was born blind?
        How therefore is he seeing now?
        The parents answer the first 2 and dodge the third
        we know that He is our son
        and he was born blind
        we do not know how he sees now
        we do not know who opened his eyes
        ask him - he is of age - he can speak for himself
        John's comment on their answer
        His parents said these things because they were afraid of the Jews
        For the Jews had already agreed that if anyone confesses Jesus to be the Messiah, they would be put out of the synagogue
        For this reason, His parents said He is of age, ask him
        All of these answers were true
        In a sense they were unqualified to answer the question of how he was healed
        But John criticizes them for being unwilling to come to the obvious conclusion and believe because of their fear fo the leaders
        John wants his readers to be bold in belief
        John wants his readers to realize and confess that Jesus is the Messiah even if they get kicked out of the synagogue
        Second round 9:24-34
        They called the man a second time - again he is "the one who was blind"
        Give glory to God - solemn oath, constrains a person to tell the truth
        We know that this man is a sinner
        directly contradicting the solid argument of v. 16
        They already had made up their mind, would not be bothered with evidence
        foreshadowing of the trial theme, where people who think they are judging are thereby being judged because of their miscarriage of justice in their wrong judging
        Blind man plays dumb and highlights the fact of the miracle
        whether his is a sinner I don't know
        I do know that I was blind and now I see
        simple testimony effective
        stop quibbling over details of tradition and recognize the clear significance of the miracle
        They press him to somehow betray Him with his testimony
        consistently in John, people are not allowed to be wishy-washy when it comes to Jesus
        What did He do to you?
        How did he open your eyes?
        They admit that He performed a miracle, but trying to nitpick in the way that He did it - irony in their blindness to the obvious
        He points out their hypocrisy
        I have already told you
        And you did not hear - theme
        Why do you want to hear again?
        You don't want to become His disciples too, do you? - expecting negative answer
        They attack the formerly blind man
        They reviled/insulted him
        They said, "You are His disciple" -
        disallowing his testimony as prejudiced -
        note, does not make it untrue
        in some cases/questions, you cannot be a true witness unless you are passionately committed to what you are convinced of
        Try to claim superiority of Moses over Jesus
        "We are disciples of Moses"
        not true
        If they learned from Moses, they would come to Christ
        because Moses spoke about Christ - see ch. 5
        "We know that God spoke to Moses"
        true
        But they have been told all along that Jesus is speaking just what the Father is saying
        Jesus has closer, superior revelation than Moses
        "We don't know where this one is from"
        not true
        they have already claimed that they know where He is from as an excuse not to believe in Him
        trying to play both sides of the fence
        "He can't be the Christ because we know where He is from"
        "He can't be from God because we don't know where He is from"
        He has clearly told them where He was from through all of chs. 7-8
        they just refused to listen
        He calls them on their faulty logic
        This is amazing/a marvel
        that you don't know where He is from
        (not counting the fact that He has been trying to tell them all along)
        and He opened my eyes
        His works are testimony
        We know that God does not listen to sinners (in this way)
        But if someone is godly and does God will, God hears this one
        reminding and reinforcing testimony of Jesus' character as the One Who does God's will
        from eternity we have not heard of someone opening the eyes of a man who was born blind
        If He was not from God, He would not be able to do anything
        cf. 5:19 Jesus can do nothing except what He sees the Father doing
        cf. 15:4-5 Without abiding in Jesus, we can do nothing
        in both cases, with Jesus, with the Father, we can do something!
        Formerly blind man has definitely gotten off the fence and is giving testimony to Jesus and is a model for John's readers of coming to the right conclusion and belief in Jesus
        they rejected his testimony
        couldn't refute his logic, so they resorted to power move and personal abuse
        They said - you were born completely in sin - cf. disciples question in v. 1
        incorrect assumption as already stated at v. 1
        doesn't account for the fact that he was healed - by that logic does this mean that he is no longer a sinner?
        You are not qualified to teach us
        pride and obstinacy
        He was right, they were wrong, yet they refused to listen
        God will occasionally rebuke you through the mouth of a nobody, through your children, through an unbeliever - make sure you are humble enough to hear
        And they threw him out -
        excommunicated him from the Synagogue -
        cut off from religious and social benefits
      - True sight vs. true blindness 9:35-41
        True sight 9:35-39
        Jesus heard that they excommunicated him and found him
        Asked him "Do you believe in the Son of Man?"
        He asked, "Who is the Son of Man so that I may believe in Him?"
        Jesus said "both you have seen Him and the one speaking with you is He"
        sorry for tortuous English, trying to bring out significance of original
        First - you can see because of Him
        both physical sight
        and now coming to spiritual sight as well
        Second - The One talking to you now is the Son of Man - the One you should believe in"
        his twofold response
        tremendous model for John's readers (including us)
        "I believe, Lord"
        Believe in Him
        submit to His Lordship - become a disciple - one learning under His command
        And he worshipped Him
        Notice the progression of his testimony
        I was blind, now I see - v. 15, 25
        He is a prophet, v. 17
        He is from God v. 31, 33
        Lord, I believe and I worship v. 35-38
        Jesus' summary
        I have come into this world for judgment
        not to judge - cf. ch. 3
        but for judgment - His presence creates a response for or against
        in one sense, people pass judgment upon themselves by their response to Christ
        beware passing judgment on (writing off) people by their initial response to Christ, God may be working on them through a long process.
        two sided purpose
        so that those not seeing may see
        and so that those "seeing" (with air quotes) would become blind
        cf. Isa 6, Psa 135 "be seeing but never perceiving - reference to judgment for idolatry
        cf. Isa.35 et al "opening eyes of blind" as salvation from idolatry and new life
        Jesus challenges a response -
        get in or get out
        You either get more sight or more blindness - no middle ground
        No 'Jesus is just a good teacher' nonsense - too often just a dodge that is really a smokescreen hiding increasing blindness to the reality of Who Jesus truly is.
        True blindness 9:40-41
        some of the Pharisees with him heard these things
        They said "Not us! We are not blind also!
        Jesus answered -
        "If you were blind, you would not have sin" -
        literal blindness that is not self inflicted
        but now that you say you have no blindness, the sin remains -
        self-inflicted blindness by refusing to see
        while claiming 20/20 vision
        cf. I Jn 1 - if we say we have no sin...
      - True shepherds vs. false shepherds 10:1-6
        bad chapter break -
        Continuing the conversation of blindness
        Speaking to Pharisees who thought they were leaders, but He is about to call them false leaders
        difference in the way they enter
        thief and robber
        does not enter through the door
        climbs in another way
        shepherd
        enters through the door
        the doorkeeper opens to Him
        difference in the response of the sheep
        shepherd
        the sheep hear His voice
        cf. ch. 6 contrast those who hear and those who don't
        He calls His own sheep to Him and they come to Him - those who don't hear are not His sheep
        When all of His own go out, He goes before them
        cf. shepherding in those days
        did not chase sheep via dogs, etc.
        led sheep via voice
        thief and robber
        They certainly do not hear (double neg.) another
        but they flee from him
        because they do not know the voice of the other one
        Jesus spoke this figure of speech to them, but they did not understand what He was saying to them - misunderstanding
      - Jesus is the entrance 10:7-10
        Jesus said - I am the gate of the sheep
        I AM statement
        entrance to the sheepfold -cf. 'way' in 14:6
        shepherds would often lie across the entrance to the pen to protect the sheep at night
        All who came before me were thieves and liars
        not referring to Moses and prophets, etc. although these are inadequate, not bad
        referring to bad leaders, cf later context
        but the sheep did not listen to them
        I AM the door/gate
        If anyone enters through me, He will be saved
        good leaders will lead people to Jesus as the way in, not to themselves - cf. J the B's testimony away from himself
        he will go in and go out and find pasture - picture of fullness of blessing
        contrast with the thief
        thief only comes to kill steal and destroy
        probably been taught that the thief is the devil - true, but inaccurate
        but here the emphasis is bad, selfish leaders, who are being called to account
        But I have come so that they may have eternal life
        and they may have it abundantly/fully/completely/way beyond what is normal or necessary
        that is not just the life that we have to look forward to in all eternity
        that is the kind of life that we can have (in part) in the here and now
        but don't think of this as material/physical abundance
        we are promised strife and hardship in this world
      - Jesus is the good shepherd 10:11-18
        I AM the Good Shepherd
        cf. Psa 23
        cf. esp. Ezek ch. 34
        I AM statement
        The Good Shepherd lays down His life for the sheep
        contrast to the Ezekiel shepherds and Pharisees who took from the sheep for their own life and convenience
        Good Shepherd gives even to His own death
        contrast the hireling
        the hireling (who is not the shepherd, the sheep are not his own)
        when he sees the wolf coming, he forsakes the sheep and flees
        and the wolf snatches the sheep and scatters them
        he flees because he is a hireling and does not care for the sheep
        I AM the Good Shepherd
        I know my sheep
        and they know Me
        just as the Father knows me and I know the Father
        and I lay down my life on behalf of the sheep
        I have other sheep which are not from this flock
        it is necessary for me to lead them
        and they will listen to my voice
        And there will be one flock, one shepherd
        cf. Ezek 34:23-4 "And I will set over them one shepherd, my servant David, and he shall feed them: he shall feed them and be thier shepherd. And I, the LORD, will be their God, and my servant David shall be prince among them."
        other sheep, not from this flock refers to Gentiles, who will come to Jesus after He is glorified by laying down His life for His sheep cf. 11:52
        My Father loves me because I lay down my life
        so that I can again take it up
        No one takes it from me
        but I lay it down of my own accord
        I have authority to lay it down
        and I have authority to pick it up again
        I have received this command from my Father
      - Questions about Jesus' identity 10:19-21
        There was again a schism/division among the Jews because of these words
        Many said - He has a demon and is crazy, why listen to Him?
        Others said - These words are not from a demonic/demonized person
        A demon is not able to open the eyes of the blind - conclusion to section started at 9:1
        recurring theme of Questioning Jesus' identity
    - Jesus' identity clearly stated and rejected by the Jews 10:22-42
      - Jesus identity clarified 10:22-30
        setting
        It was the feast of rededication feast of lights (Hanukkah) in Jerusalem, it was winter
        Possibly seen as greater than this feast as well - cf. I am the light of the world
        Jesus was walking in Solomon's portico in the temple
        Jesus and the Jews
        The Jews ask Jesus' identity
        They crowded around Him and asked
        How long will you keep our souls suspended (lit.) - keep us in suspense
        Are you the Christ?
        Tell us plainly/boldly/without hindrance
        they have already been told very plainly enough - for some people, no amount of proof is enough proof
        Each time they ask for His identity, He points to the Father, and points to the Works
        Jesus criticizes their unbelief
        I told you and you do not believe
        The works which I did in the Name of the Father, they are testifying to me
        In the Name of the Father = Jesus' representation of the Father
        characterized by obedience, dependence, relationship
        clarifies what it means to pray in Jesus' Name
        Pray in the context of obedience, dependence and relationship
        but you are not believing
        The reason for their unbelief
        because you are not one of my sheep
        conclusion - because you don't hear and follow, you are not my sheep
        Jesus and the sheep
        my sheep hear my voice
        and I know them
        and they follow me
        I give my sheep eternal life
        and they will certainly not (double neg.) be destroyed into forever
        and someone will not snatch them from my hand
        The Father and the sheep
        The one who gave them to me
        He is greater than all
        No one is able to snatch them from His hand
        Jesus and the Father - I and the Father are One
        unity of purpose and result with reference to the sheep
        Unity of purpose and result with reference to everything - cf. ch. 5
        Unity of nature/identity/deity - cf. prologue
        Monotheism - cf. Deut 6:4
        Not identical, Father different from the Son, not modalism or Oneness
      - Jesus is the Son of God 10:31-39
        the Jews' reaction -
        they picked up stones to stone Him (for blasphemy)
        Only two choices - He is God or blasphemer
        Liar, Lunatic or Lord - get off the fence
        not our option to design and pick the Jesus we want - Only one Jesus, take Him or Leave Him
        Jesus' response
        I have shown you many good works from the Father - testimony of works
        For which of these words are you stoning me
        Brilliant exposure of their hypocrisy and blindness -cf. "if not from God, could not do works"
        Jews' answer
        we are ignoring the good works (not denying them, therefore implicitly acknowledging them)
        but were stoning you for blasphemy
        because you make Yourself God, even though You are a man (they recognized Jesus' claim, but rejected it)
        Jesus' response
        Somewhat unexpected - defusing, while showing their hypocrisy/blindness and also soliciting deeper consideration/response
        Lesser example
        In the Scriptures, people who were not God are called 'gods'
        If these people, who were judges, giving judgment (presumably by hearing from God and His Word) and standing in God's place of judgment
        If these people were called 'gods'
        (And the Scripture cannot be broken)
        Jesus' testimony to inerrancy
        You are not upset that they are called 'gods'
        No ammo here for Mormons or others who want to argue the deity of mankind - complete misunderstandin
        Arguing to greater
        (Why are you getting your shorts in a bunch?) - loose translation
        The greater One, whom the Father set apart and sent into the world
        You say I blaspheme because I said "I am the Son of God"?
        Teeth of the argument
        I have proved that you are not upset about the language used (that language can be/has been used completely innocently)
        What then are you upset about?
        You are rejecting me! because you don't believe me!
        Warning/application of the argument
        If I have not done the works of my Father, don't believe me
        But if I do them, and you don't believe me (which you should)
        You still have no excuse, because you should believe the works (which you can't deny)
        believe the works (miracles)
        so that you may know and understand (be knowing)
        that the Father is in me
        and I am in the Father
        testimony of works, unity of Father and Son
        Their rejection
        They sought again to arrest Him
        And He went out from their hands
      - The culmination of John's witness 10:40-42
        setting - he went to the place where John was first baptizing and he stayed there
        comparison to John the Baptist
        John did not do signs
        All that John said about Him is true
        Many believed in Him there
  - The Climactic Sign and preparation for that to which the signs point 11:1-12:36
    - The climactic sign - Raising of Lazarus 11:1-54
      - Lazarus is sick, Jesus lets him die 11:1-16
        setting
        Lazarus of Bethany was sick, from the village of Mary and Martha his sisters
        Mary was the one who anointed Jesus with myrrh and wiped His feet with her hair
        foreshadowing in story to a past even known to readers, to be told in ch. 12
        Her brother Lazarus was sick
        The sisters sent to Jesus
        saying Lord, the one you love is sick
        Jesus' response
        When Jesus heard, He said, this sickness is not unto death, but for the glory of God
        so that the Son of God may be glorified through it
        Jesus loved Mary and Martha and Lazarus
        THEREFORE when He heard that he was sick, He stayed where He was for two days
        sometimes God lets our dreams die because He loves us
        His timing is better than our timing
        if left 2 days earlier, would have been 2 days late
        if left 2 days earlier, would not have been as glorious a miracle
        Jesus prepares the disciples
        Then after this time, He said to His disciples - let's go into Judea again
        The disciples are cautious
        Rabbi, the Jews are seeking to stone you
        and You are going there again?
        Jesus replies (cf. ch. 9 - God's perfect timing
        There are 12 hours in a day
        If someone walks in the day, he will not stumble
        because he sees the light of this world
        If he walks at night, he will stumble, because the light is not in him - cf. prologue - light/darkness
        i.e., when you are walking in God's ways, you are invincible (qualified by God's good will, don't be stupid)
        Jesus predicts the miracle
        Lazarus our friend is sleeping
        but I am going so that I can wake him up
        The disciples misunderstand
        sleeping is a common euphemism for death - they would have understood it
        but He said He would wake him up - which threw them off
        They said - If he is sleeping, he will get well
        John's comment
        Jesus was talking about his death
        They thought He was talking about natural sleep
        Jesus corrects their misunderstanding
        he said to them plainly - Lazarus died
        and I rejoice because of you
        so that you may believe
        notice that even the disciples have room to grow in their belief
        don't ever think that you have arrived and don't need to grown in faith
        because I was not there
        but let's go to him
        His delay was purposeful - trust God's timing
        Thomas - called the twin said, let's go with Him so that we may die with Him
        somewhat fatalistic/pessimistic, but very brave as well
      - Jesus is the resurrection and Martha's confession 11:17-27
        setting
        Jesus came and found him being four days in the tomb
        Bethany was near Jerusalem and may Jews had come to console Mary and Martha
        Jesus is the Resurrection
        When Martha heard that Jesus was coming, she went to Him, Mary stayed in the house
        Martha said to Jesus
        Lord if you would have been here, my brother would not have died - faith
        I know that whatever you ask from God now, He will give it to you - faith
        Jesus replies
        Your brother will rise/resurrect
        ambiguous - drawing out
        Martha misunderstands
        I know that my brother will rise in the final resurrection
        everyone will rise at the final resurrection - or possibly a promise that her brother would take part in the resurrection of the righteous
        Jesus makes an astounding claim
        I AM the Resurrection and the life
        I AM statement
        The one who believes in me, even if he dies, he will live
        and all those living and believing in me will certainly not (double neg.) die into forever
        Do you believe this? - challenge/drawing out her faith
        Martha's confession
        She makes the confession John wants his readers to make
        Yes Lord
        I believe that you are the Christ, the Son of God, the One coming into the world
        same wording as John's purpose statement
      - Jesus' comfort and compassion 11:28-37
        After she said this she went and called Mary her sister
        she secretly told her - The teacher is near and He is calling you
        Mary got up quickly and went to Him, because Jesus had not yet come into town
        The Jews thought she was going to mourn and followed her - to comfort her
        Martha addressed Jesus the exact same first statement as her sister - If you would have been here, my brother would not have died - faith
        but does not say the second -?
        When Jesus saw her and those with her weeping, he was deeply moved/angered and troubled
        possibly at their unbelief - prob. not
        possibly with compassion - true, but not whole story
        possibly hatred of death - true, but not whole story
        possibly foreseeing His own dealing with death
        he said - where have you placed him
        She said - Come and see%%%
        Jesus wept - humanity, compassion
        The Jews noted how much He loved Lazarus
        Some wondered that One who could open blind eyes could not have kept Lazarus from dying
        irony - he could have
        they are about to see something better
      - Jesus raises Lazarus from the dead 11:38-44
        Jesus again had an intense strong feeling (anger/compassion/pissed off at sin and death) as he came to the tomb
        it was a cave with a stone over the entrance
        he said take away the stone
        Martha said
        described as the sister of the dead man
        less common word for dead - stresses the finality of death
        it's going to stink
        because it has been four days
        Jewish tradition - based on occasion resuscitation of person thought to be dead
        spirit hovers around the body for a few days, until it smells the rotting and leaves for good
        Common belief, if a person is dead for four days - beyond all hope for resurrection - that is why Jesus waited two more days
        Jesus said
        I told you - If you believe
        you will see the glory of God
        everyone there would see a miracle, if they believed or not
        Jesus invites them (and us) to look beyond the obvious -
        to see the miracle as a sign that points to His glory and see His glory
        They took away the stone
        Jesus prayed
        Father, I thank You that You hear me
        I know that You always hear me
        But I said this because of the crowds, so that they may believe that You sent me - signs as testimony
        Jesus cried out with a great voice - Lazarus, come out
        Then the dead man came out -
        lit. the man who had died and was dead -
        irony - He was dead, but was no longer dead
        he was still wrapped in his embalming clothes
        Jesus said to unwrap him and let him go
        My comment - Jesus rocks - how could anyone not believe by this point? - Yet many don't still
      - The plot to kill Jesus 11:45-54
        Many of the Jews believed in Him because they say what He did - hard to miss
        some went to the Pharisees and tattled on Him - hard heart
        They gathered and plotted what to do because of Him doing many signs
        If we permit Him to go on this way, everyone will believe in Him
        the Romans will come and take away our place and our nation
        cared more about their stuff than truth
        cared more about protecting their privilege than God's doing
        Caiaphas the high priest said
        full of irony and double meaning
        you don't know anything
        It is better for one man to die on behalf of the nation
        than the whole race/people be destroyed
        John's comment
        he did not say this on his own
        but being high priest he prophesied
        Jesus was about to die for the race/people
        but not for the Jewish race only
        but also so that all the scattered children of God could be gathered into one
        foreshadowing the Gentile mission
        cf. Gentiles big stumbling block to Jews converting to Christ
        From this day they plotted to kill Him
        therefore, Jesus no longer went about openly in Judea, but went into the countryside near the wilderness, to a village called Ephraim, where He stayed with His disciples
    - Jesus moving toward the passover 11:55-12:36
      - Pasover crowds looking for Jesus 11:55-57
        Setting
        The passover of the Jews was near
        Many ment up to Jerusalem to prepare themselves for the passover
        They sought Jesus
        They said to one another while standing in the temple
        What do you think?
        He certainly won't come to the feast, will he? - expecting negative answer
        the chief priests and Pharisee had given an order
        that if anyone knows where He is
        They should report it
        So that they could arrest Him
      - Jesus anointed for burial at Bethany 12:1-8
        setting
        six days before the feast
        came into Bethany - town of Lazarus, whom He raised from the dead
        we know who Lazarus is, but John highlights Jesus' greatness, like the former blind man is called the former blind man
        they made a feast for Him
        Martha served
        Lazarus was one of the ones reclining at the table with him - close fellowship to share a meal
        Mary anointed Him
        foreshadowed in ch. 11
        Mary took very expensive pure perfume and anointed His feet and dried them with her hair
        The house was filled with the smell of perfume
        Judas shows his character
        Judas Iscariot, one of the twelve
        Who was about to betray Him
        he said - Why wasn't this perfume sold for a lot of money and it given to the poor?
        John's comment
        he didn't really care for the poor
        but he was a theif an helped himself to the money bag
        charity scams deserve a special pit in hell - to be shared with people in ministry who are unethical with funds - beware, guard your heart
        Jesus defends her and explains
        Leave her alone - permit her
        so that she may preserve it for the day of my burial
        for the poor you will always have with you
        You will not always have me
        relativises compassion ministry
        doesn't make it unimportant at all
        but doesn't make it absolute
      - The plot to kill Jesus and Lazarus 12:9-11
        many crowds knew/found out that He was there
        they came to Him
        not only because of Him, but also because of Lazarus, whom He raised from the dead
        Therefore the cheif priests also plotted to kill Lazarus
        because many defected from the Jews and believed in Jesus because of him
        hard hearted and wicked - almost childish and spiteful
      - The Triumphal Entry 12:12-19
        The big crowd coming to the feast heard that Jesus was coming into Jerusalem
        They took palm branches and went out to meet Him
        Palm branches a National Symbol
        Like Canadians waving Maple Leafs or beer
        For them it was Kingly - Messianic
        they shouted
        Hosanna
        Blessed is the once coming in the Name of the Lord
        and the King of Israel - i.e. Messiah
        all of these are Messianic
        cf. Psa. 118:25-26
        Thought of Jesus only in terms of Davidic Kingship - mistake hinted at in ch. 6, but will come out much more in the trials
        Jesus rode a young donkey
        found a young donkey and sat on it
        just like Scripture said - quote from Zech 9:9
        Don't fear daughter of Zion
        Your King is coming to you
        seated upon a colt of a donkey
        Again Messianic - clearly seen as such by Judaism of the time
        This highlights the rejection and crucifixion of the Jewish Messiah
        God's new people would not be = ethnic Israel, but faithful remnant from both Israel and Gentiles
        sign of kingship, but humble, peaceful kingship
        cf. part of Zech not quoted, "righteous, having salvation, humble
        John's comment
        The disciples did not understand at first
        But when Jesus was glorified, then they remembered that these things happened
        and they realized that these things were written about Him
        The testimony about the Lazarus miracle
        The crowd that had been there when He called Lazarus from the tomb and raised him from the dead
        they testified
        therefore the crowds came to meet Him because they had heard that He had done this SIGN
        The Pharisees grumbled
        look, this is profiting us nothing (gettin us nowhere)
        the world is going after Him
      - Jesus death = Jesus' glorification 12:20-26
        setting
        there were Greeks who went up to Jerusalem to worship at the feast
        These approached Philip (who was from Bethsaida in Galilee)
        They asked him, saying - We want to see Jesus
        Philip got Andrew involved
        Philip and Andrew told this to Jesus
        Jesus anounces His HOUR has come
        the Hour has come (pf. tense)
        so that the Son of Man may be glorified
        Jesus connects His hour with His death with His glory
        If a seed of wheat does not fall to the ground and die
        it remains alone
        if it dies, it bears much fruit - cf. ch. 15
        The loving his life destroys it
        The one hating his life in this world keeps it for eternal life
        Rant on this hard
        do not love the world
        do not store up your treasure in this world
        Think of things above, not things below
        Your life is hidden in Christ - only when Christ is revealed will you know yourself
        Life is short - eternity is long
        He is no fool who gives up what he cannot keep to obtain that which he cannot lose
        If someone is my servant, he will follow me
        And where I am, he will be - i.e. at the cross/on the cross/washing feet
        If someone serves me, the Father will honor him
      - The testimony of the Father 12:27-33
        Jesus' internal wrestling
        flowing from previous, still thinking about His impending death
        Jesus says, "Now my soul is stirred up/disturbed,
        and What will I say?" - rhetorical question
        Shall I say "Father, save me from this HOUR"? - rhetorical question
        Answer - (NO) I came to this HOUR for this reason
        Jesus' prayer
        Father, glorify Your NAME
        The Father's answer
        A voice came from Heaven
        I have glorified
        And again, I will glorify
        The crowd's response
        The crowd there heard
        Some said "It thundered"
        Others said "An angel spoke to Him"
        Jesus' explanation
        The voice did not come for my sake
        but for your sake
        Now is the judgment of this world
        Now the ruler of this world will be thrown out
        And if I am lifted up from the earth
        cf. 3:14, 8:28, 12:34
        double meaning
        I will draw all things to myself
        cf. ch 6, esp. v. 44
        all kinds of people - including Greeks
        Jesus finally answers the question above - only after He is glorified will He go to the Greeks
        cf. Spirit waits till after glorified/crucified
        John's explanation of Jesus' explanation
        He said this indicating (signing) what kind of death He was about to die
        cognate word to semeia used
      - Questions about Jesus' identity 12:34-36
        The crowd asks about The Christ remaining forever
        They probably connected the "Son of Man" with the "Christ"
        When Jesus spoke about the "Son of Man" dying, they were confused and thought that He was disconnecting the two and so they asked
        We have heard from the Law that the Christ will remain forever
        from the Law, and not tradition
        True - the Messiah and the Davidic promises were eternal
        cf. esp. 89:4, 36-37, 2 Sam. 7:12-16, Psa. 110:1 et al
        Incomplete understanding of how it comes about - through death and resurrection
        And how can you say that is necessary for the Son of Man to be lifted up?
        Who is this Son of Man?
        Jesus answers - Christ is here now! Get Him while you can
        The light is in your midst still for a short time
        Walk as you have the light
        so that the darkness does not overcome you - same wording as 1:5! - cf. I Thes. 5:4
        And the one walking in the darkness does not know where his is going
        As you have the light - believe in the light
        So that you become sons (children) of light
        Jesus leaves
        having said these things
        Jesus was hidden from them, by leaving
  - Conclusion - rejection by the Jews 12:37-50
    - Final Rejection by the Jews and its Theological reason 12:37-43
      - The final rejection, despite many sufficient signs12:37
        Having done many great signs before them
        They did not believe in Him
        cf. wilderness generation, who had seen tremendous miracles at the Exodus, but who still doubted God
        From one standpoint - Jesus' public ministry was a failure
        Jesus would not be asked to headline a church growth conference
      - The reason for their unbelief - from Isaiah 12:38-41 - cf. Dt. 29:3-4
        so that the word of Isaiah the prophet might be fulfilled (53:1), which he said:
        Lord, who has believed our message?
        And to whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed?
        first instance of 'fulfill' which will come up a lot later - every aspect of Jesus' crucifixion fulfills Scripture
        For this reason, they were not able to believe
        because Isaiah again says (6:10):
        He blinded their eyes - cf. ch. 9
        and He hardened their hearts
        so that they would not see with their eyes
        and (not) understand with their hearts
        and (not) turn
        and I would heal them
        unbelief in ch. 53 caused by hardening in 6:10
        both passages also have themes of exaltation and glory - cf. 12:32
        The reason:
        Isaiah said this because he saw His glory - Isa. 6
        and he spoke about Him - referring to Jesus - deity of Christ
        The Jewish rejection of Jesus should not be a stumbling block to John's readers
        Actually it should be confirmation - God predicted it
      - Some believed, but not yet enough 12:42-43
        Nevertheless, however, many from the leaders believed in Him
        but because of the Pharisees, they did not confess - halfway belief
        so they would not be excommunicated from the synagogue - cf. 9:22
        for they loved the glory of man more than the glory of God - cf. 5:44
    - Jesus came to reveal the Father (with the resulting consequences of receiving or rejecting) 12:44-50
      - Jesus is the way to the Father
        Jesus cried out and said
        The one who believes in me does not believe in me (only)
        but (also) in the One Who sent me
        And the one who sees me, sees the One Who sent me
      - Jesus is the way to enlightenment
        I am the light that has come into the world - cf. prologue
        All who believe in me will not remain in the darkness
      - Jesus is the way from judgment
        If someone hears my words and does not keep them
        I do not judge him
        for I did not come to judge the world - cf. 3:16-18
        but so that I may save the world - cf. 3:16-18
        The one who rejects me and does not receive my words has one that judges him
        The word which I spoke - this one judges him in the last day
      - The reason for this
        because I did not speak from myself
        but the Father who sent me gave to me this command - what I would say and speak
        And I know that His command is eternal life
        Therefore, that which I am speaking, just as the Father has spoken to me, in this way, I speak
- Private Ministry chs. 13-17
  - introduction 13:1-30
    - Jesus washes the disciples' feet 13:1-17
      - Jesus knew His time had arrived and His destiny was secure 13:1-3
        General
        Setting -
        before the feast of the passover
        Passover celebration was week long feast of unleavened bread before sacrifice of Passover lamb and 1 day Passover feast
        Cause-
        knowing that His HOUR had come
        so that He would leave this world
        toward the Father
        loving His own who are in the world
        Result -
        He loved them to the end/completion/goal
        Setting/foreshadowing
        dinner was happening
        The devil had already put it into the heart of Judas - son of Simon Iscariot
        to betray Him
        Specific
        Cause - Jesus knew
        The Father had given all things into His hands
        He had come from God
        and He was returning to God
        Result - foot washing and all that follows, including the crucifixion
        Lesson
        Our knowledge of who we are, where we came from and our future destiny
        is motivation for self giving service here
        we don't need to serve ourselves and fight to secure our future destiny and inheritance
        No need to grasp for earthy things because we have heavenly things
      - Jesus washes the disciples' feet 13:4-11
        preparation
        He got up from the table
        He put off His garments
        He took a towel and wrapped it around Himself
        taking on costume of a slave
        washing
        then He poured water into a basin
        He began to wash the feet of the disciples
        and dry them with the towel that was around Him
        dialogue with Peter
        Peter objects
        when He came to Simon Peter
        he asked, will YOU wash MY feet?
        probably humble and innocent, reacting to the inappropriateness according to the social roles/conventions
        the Master does not do menial tasks for His disciples - It ain't right
        Jesus says you don't understand, but you will
        Doesn't yet address the reason, just asks for trust
        You do not yet know what I am doing
        You will know after these things
        Foreshadowing - pointing to future learning of this profound lesson
        Peter rejects
        You will never wash my feet
        no longer innocent, but lack of trust and obedience
        rejecting Jesus teaching, even though still probably has good motives
        Lesson - don't say No to God, no matter what the reason
        Jesus says you must be washed
        If I do not wash you
        you do not have a part with me/have a share with me/share with me in what I give/have/do
        double meaning
        cleansing, both physical and spiritual
        being served by Jesus and learning the lesson of servant leadership
        Peter asks for a complete washing
        Peter changes his mind and asks for the full meal deal
        not just my feet, but my hands and head as well
        Jesus says that they are mostly clean already
        The one who has bathed does not need to wash except his feet
        but is completely clean
        and you are clean
        but not all of you
        double meaning/ambiguity
        physical - you are clean, just need your feet recleaned
        spiritual - you are clean, just need maintenance cleansing -
        foreshadowing prayer ch. 17
        You are clean because of the Word that I have spoken
        spiritual - not all of you are clean - all except Judas
        John's explanation/clarification
        He knew who would betray Him
        that is why He said, not all of you are clean
      - Jesus teaches about servanthood 13:12-17
        Intro
        After He washed their feet
        He put His clothes on - (outer clothes, His under clothes never came off)
        He reclined at the table again
        Follow my example
        He said, "Do you know what I have done for you?"
        His position
        you call me teacher and master
        you are right to do so
        because I am your teacher and master
        His example
        If I, even though I am your teacher and master
        I wash your feet -
        example of humble service at the point of need
        even involving lowly, inconvenient, dirty service
        His charge
        you also ought to wash one another's feet
        For I have given you an example
        just as I have done for you
        you also should do
        You are not greater than me, but can be like me
        A servant is not greater than his master
        neither is one who is sent greater than the One who sent him
        double meaning
        Jesus is the One sent and the Father is the sending One
        Very soon, the disciples will be sent by Jesus
        If you know these things (about humble servanthood)
        you will be blessed if you do them
        Blessed is the one who Knows AND Does - both integrated
    - Jesus predicts His betrayal 13:18-30
      - Jesus knew all along who is His 13:18-20
        Jesus clarifies who He is talking about
        I am not saying these things concerning all of you
        I know whom I have chosen
        Scripture explanation/proof
        So that the Scripture might be fulfilled
        The one eating my bread - close companion
        has lifted up his heel against me - attacked me/betrayal
        reason for the prediction
        I am telling you now, before it happens
        so that when it happens, you may believe that I AM
        I am saying
        Jesus foreknowledge/supernatural knowledge sign of His deity - seen throughout Gospel
        All these things are planned and sovereignly controlled by God - perfect timing and perfect plan
        Implication -
        double meaning/ambiguity
        reiteration of 2-fold choice
        application to disciples of humble service and reception/rejection
        The one receiving the one I send, receives me
        The one receiving me receives the one who sent me
        by implication - the disciples should not take it personally if they are received or rejected, because it is not them who is received or rejected
        by implication - the readers should receive the testimony of the apostles, because it is not just the apostles that they are receiving
      - Jesus predicts His betrayal 13:21-26
        Jesus predicts
        After Jesus said these things
        He was troubled/disturbed in spirit
        He testified and said
        One of you will betray me
        ambiguous term - hand over, entrust
        He meant the bigtime betrayal which Judas was about to do by handing Him over to His enemies
        Disciples ask
        themselves
        they look at one another
        b/c they were perplexed who He was talking about
        Jesus
        The disciple that Jesus loved was reclining next to Him - very close intimacy with no hint of being weird
        Peter motioned to ask who He was talking about
        He leaned over and asked - "Who is it?"
        Jesus answers
        The one to whom I dip the morsel and give the bread -
        sign of gift, generosity, loving gesture
        somewhat ambiguous/able to be misunderstood,
        almost parallel with the Psalms quote
        but also very clear - clarified by immediate action
        Jesus points out Judas
        He dipped the morsel and gave it to Judas, son of Simon Iscariot
      - Jesus sends Judas away 13:27-30
        After the morsel satan entered into Judas
        Jesus told him to do what he was going to do quickly
        sovereign control
        perfect timing
        The disciples misunderstood
        no one at the meal understood what He was saying
        alternate explanations because judas kept the money
        thought He told him to buy supplies for the meal
        thought He told him to give to the poor - custom at Passover
        judas immediately went out, having taken the morsel
        IT WAS NIGHT
        on one hand, it was night
        on the other hand - light/darkness theme
        the hour had come when darkness would do its best to overcome the light - how successful do you think it will be?
        judas was doing the work of the night
        now in hindsight, we can be more open to the possibility of symbolic significance that Nicodemus came to Him at night, but still cautious
  - Upper room discourse 13:31-16:33
    - Introductory thoughts
      - spiraling discourse - typical
      - weaving and returning to themes
      - Jesus' continuing mission after His departure
      - leaving back to the Father
      - sending the Spirit - His tasks and ministries
      - their tasks and ministries
      - their reception
    - Passing the torch 13:31-38
      - Glory, leaving, love command, love witness 13:31-35
        In one sense, this is almost an outline of the discourse, briefly introducing major themes
        Glory
        After judas left, Jesus said
        Now the Son of man is glorified
        and God is glorified in Him
        If God is glorified in Him [the Son]
        Also God will glorify Him [the Son]
        and He will glorify Him immediately
        (less than a day before the crucifixion)
        leaving
        Children - intimate term
        I am with you a small time
        You will seek me
        Just as I told the Jews, I am telling you - same inability to go to heaven
        where I am going, you are not able to come
        (Unlike the Jews, He will later tell them that they will be able to come where He is, but only through Him)
        love command
        I am giving you a new command
        in one sense, not new - OT command
        in another sense, new/fresh because of the new model and standard
        love one another
        just as I loved you
        humble service of washing feet
        self sacrifice of laying down lives for one another
        so also you should love one another
        love witness
        in this way (loving one another) all will know that you are my disciples
        if you have love for one another
        notice, not just a feeling (if even a feeling)
        but an action
        easy to say I love you
        easy to have loving feelings when loved
        harder to lay down your life for someone who doesn't deserve it
      - Misunderstanding and Prediction of Peter's denial 13:36-38
        Peter asks - where are you going? - decent question
        Jesus answers
        where I am going, you are not able to follow me now
        cf. 8:14 and 13:33 - same thing said to Jews and disciples earlier
        notice qualifier NOW - huge promise
        you will follow later
        HUGE promise - Disciples can go to the Father, where no one is able to go - cf. what Jesus told Nicodemus
        as we will see, only can go through Jesus
        bittersweet promise to Peter and disciples and us
        because Jesus expects us to follow Him to glory through the pathway of humble service, rejection, laying down our lives and taking up our cross on the way to glory
        in ch. 21, Jesus will tell Peter what sort of death he will die in order to follow Him
        but it will be totally worth it, no matter what we have to go through to get there!
        Peter said, I am ready to follow now, no matter the cost
        Why can't I follow you now
        I will lay down my life for you - cf. Jesus in 10:15,17
        Well meaning, but misguided and somewhat boastful promise, confident in self
        Jesus answered, no you are not ready to follow
        You will lay down your life?
        As a matter of fact, you will certainly deny me three times before the rooster crows (matter of hours)
    - Jesus is the Way 14:1-14
      - Jesus is the Way to the Father 14:1-7
        Do not let your heart be disturbed/troubled
        same word when Jesus was deeply moved at the tomb of Lazarus 11:33
        Same word 12:27 Jesus troubled looking forward to the crucifixion
        same word 13:37 Jesus troubled when one of His friends was about to betray Him
        same word here and in v. 27 - we are not to be troubled, b/c Jesus takes the trouble on Himself
        see the connection with ch. 13 - just told Peter he would deny and probably got a negative reaction - reassuring
        your is plural, not talking just to Peter but to all the disciples
        You believe in God and you also believe in me
        could be statement of fact or command or one of each
        equation of God and Jesus
        believe = trust,
        trust God and Jesus, even in the darkest times
        It's Friday, but Sunday's coming
        I am going to take you to the Father
        In my Father's house, there are many rooms/dwelling places,
        if there were not, Would I have told you
        That I am going to prepare a place for you
        cf. coming from God and going to God
        now going so that we can go
        and if I go and prepare a place for you
        I will come again and receive you to myself
        so that you can be where I am
        Jesus is the way to the Father
        Jesus says, you know the way where I am going
        Thomas says, we don't even know where you are going, how can we know the way?
        Jesus replies
        I am the way
        the path to the Father
        answering Thomas' question about how to get to the Father
        Jesus is how to get to the Father, because He is the eternally existing Word, the One and Only Son from the Father's side who has made God known - cf. 1:18
        and the truth
        God is full of grace and truth
        All who love the truth come to Jesus
        All who worship God do so in spirit and truth
        You will know the truth and the truth will set you free
        Jesus testifies to the truth - Himself
        more on the truth to follow
        and the life
        eternal life
        life abundant
        opposite of death
        All of these things are centered in Jesus Himself -
        not just hovering around Him,
        but He is the embodiment of these things
        cannot have life or truth or way to the Father without Jesus
        He cannot give you them separate from Himself, because they are Him
        If your vision of eternal life is not focused on Him, you are mistaken
        If you think you could be happy in heaven even if Jesus were not there, you are probably not going
        Explanation/elaboration
        NO ONE comes to the Father except through me
        yes it says no one
        cannot get to the Father through Buddha or Mohamed or Joseph Smith or Dr. Phil- we cannot be ashamed of that fact
        If you have known me, you know the Father
        and from the now on, you know Him and have seen Him
      - Jesus is the revealer of the Father 14:8-11
        Philip asked
        Show us the Father
        and that will be sufficient for us
        Jesus replied
        How can you ask that question?
        How long have you been with me and don't know me, Philip?
        The one who has seen me has seen the Father!
        How can you say, "Show us the Father?"
        question makes no sense if you knew who I am
        Jesus had already said "I and the Father are one"
        Believe that I reveal the Father because we are One
        Do you not believe that I am in the Father and the Father is in me
        there are more levels of belief to which Jesus is calling the disciples
        don't think that you have arrived
        Reasons to believe this
        the words which I spoke to you, I did not speak from myself
        repeating what He has said many times to the Jews about being from the Father
        now the disciples need to get it as well
        the Father who REMAINS in me is doing His works
        believe me that I am in the Father and the Father is in me
        If not, believe because of His works
        cf. 10:37-38 same challenge to Jews
      - God will be glorified through greater works and answered prayer 14:12-14
        Greater works
        The one who believes in me
        he will do the works that I am doing
        he will do greater works than these
        testifying to Jesus and the Father
        more people have believed in Jesus after His ascension than before
        any 'greater works' that draw attention to us and not to Jesus are phony
        because I am going to the Father
        answered prayer
        Whatever you ask in my Name, I will do it
        So that the Father may be glorified in the Son
        If someone asks me in my Name, I will do it
        key to understand is that Jesus comes in the Father's Name
        characterized by submission, obedience, doing and saying what the Father is doing and saying
        so also, our asking should be characterized by these things or we should not expect answers - not a magic spell
        when our prayer is characterized by these things - WE SHOULD EXPECT OUR PRAYERS TO BE ANSWERED BECAUSE GOD PROMISED
    - Preparing for His departure 14:15-31
      - Love, the Spirit and the Commands 14:15-24
        Keep my commands
        If you love me,
        you will keep my commands
        beware of letting the love of God become a nebulous feeling, love of God is precise and active
        and I will ask the Father
        and He will give you another Paraclete
        another
        Jesus' replacement
        Just as Jesus was with them, leading, guiding, protecting, revealing the Father, parakleting in general, so also the other Paraclete will do the same kind of things
        everything the paraclete will be described as doing later in this discourse, Jesus has already been described as doing earlier in the Gospel, teaching, leading to truth, revealing the Father, etc.
        parakletos
        helper, one who works on another's behalf
        somewhat ambiguous word - helps in whatever needs helping, but without defining
        can be comforter when comfort needed
        can be advocate, i.e. lawyer, when that is needed - cf. 1 Jn 2:2
        can be a strengthener, when strength is needed
        can be mediator, when mediation is needed
        So that He will be with you forever
        great comfort when preparing them for His departure,
        they will never be alone
        The Paraclete
        The Spirit of Truth
        cf. 14:6 Jesus is the truth, Spirit characterized by truth
        contrast false spirits, which come from the father of untruth
        the world is not able to receive Him
        because it does not see Him
        and does not know Him
        you know Him
        because He is remaining with you
        and He will be in you
        cf. Jn 7 living waters from midst - re Spirit which had not yet been given, is about to be given
        I will not leave you
        I will not forsake you as orphans
        I will come to you (via the Spirit)
        Soon the world will not see me
        but you will see me
        because I live and you will live
        In that day, you will know that I am in the Father and you are in me and I in you
        mind blowing!
        Just as Jesus said earlier (14:11) He is in the Father and vice versa
        So now, in a smaller way (no delusions of divinity) we are included in that fellowship via the Spirit
        Keep my commands
        The one who has my commands and keeps them is the one who loves me
        The one loving me will be loved by my Father
        And I will love him
        And I will reveal myself to him
        Keep my Word
        Judas (not Iscariot) asked
        Lord, how will it be that you will reveal yourself to us
        and not to the world?
        Jesus responds
        Whoever loves me will keep my Word
        and my Father will love him
        and we will come to him
        and we will make our dwelling with him - same word as v. 2
        The one who does not love me does not keep my Words
        The Word which you hear is not mine, but from the Father who sent me
      - Preparing the disciples for His departure 14:25-31
        Holy Spirit will speak to you
        I have spoken these things to you while REMAINING with you
        The Paraclete - the Holy Spirit
        whom the Father is sending in my Name
        This One will teach you all things
        And He will remind you of all the things which I said to you
        I am leaving you peace
        Peace I am leaving with you
        My peace I am giving to you
        I am not giving as the world gives
        I am going to the Father
        Don't let your heart be troubled or afraid - cf. v. 1
        You heard that I said to you
        I am going and I am coming toward you
        If you love me, you would rejoice that I am going to the Father
        Because the Father is greater than I
        I am telling you in advance
        And now, I have told you before it happens
        so that when it happens you may believe
        I'm almost done here
        I no longer have many things to say to you
        For the ruler of the world is coming
        and he has nothing in me
        but so that the world may know that I love the Father
        and just as the Father commanded me, this I am doing
        get up, let's go from here
    - Remaining/Abiding 15:1-17
      - Remaining/Abiding in Christ 15:1-8
        Remain in Him to be fruitful 1-7
        Metaphor of vine and gardener 1-4
        The metaphor 1-3
        God's ways are like a gardener with a vine
        Jesus is the vine
        I am the true vine
        cf. Isa 5:1-7, Psa 80:16, Jer 2:21
        Father is the gardener
        2 possibilities
        He takes away every branch that does not bear fruit
        He prunes/cleanses every branch that bears fruit so that it is more fruitful
        You are already clean because of the Word I have spoken to you - cf. 13:10
        The implications 4
        Command to remain in me and I in you
        Reason: we cannot bear fruit apart from Jesus
        Comparison with literal fruit
        branch is not able to bear fruit
        if it does not abide in the vine
        application - in the same way
        you cannot bear fruit
        if you do not remain in me
        Metaphor of vine and branches 5-7
        Jesus is the vine, we are the branches
        Therefore be connected
        general principle
        The one remaining in me bears much fruit
        Reason - apart from me you are not able to do anything
        Specific - 2 possibilities
        no abide = thrown out
        if someone does not abide in me
        He will be discarded like a fruitless branch
        thrown out
        dried up
        gathered
        thrown into the fire
        burned
        abide = answered prayer
        If you remain in me and my words remain in you
        Ask and it will be given
        Reason - My Father is glorified
        when we bear much fruit
        And prove to be Jesus' disciples
        These two go hand in hand
      - Remaining in the Father via love 15:9-17
        like Father/Son, so Master/disciples
        just as the Father loved me
        also I loved you
        remain in my love
        If you keep my commands
        you will remain in my love
        Just as I keep the commands of my Father
        and I am remaining in His love
        The Purpose
        I have spoken these things so that my joy may be in you
        And your joy may be full
        The Command to love
        This is my command
        That you love one another
        Just as I loved you
        No one has greater love than this:
        that someone will lay down his life for his friends
        No longer servants
        you are my friends if you do what I commanded you
        I no longer call you servants
        because the servant does not know what his master is doing
        I have called you friends
        because everything I have heard from my Father, I have made known to you
        Chosen to bear fruit
        You did not choose me
        But I chose you
        and I appointed you
        so that you would go and bear fruit
        and your fruit should last/remain/abide
        so that whatever you ask the Father in my Name He will give to you
        The Command to love
        This is my command to you: that you should love one another
    - Rejection by the World 15:18-16:4a
      - Rejection by the world and the reason for it 15:18-25
        The world hates you because you are not from the world
        If the world hates you
        know that it hated me first
        If you were from the world
        The world would love its own
        cf. 7:7
        but you are not from the world
        But I have chosen you out of the world
        For this reason, the world hates you
        Expect the same treatment
        Remember the words I spoke to you
        A servant is not greater that his Master
        If they persecuted me, they will persecute you
        If they kept my word, they will keep yours
        The reason: they hate God
        But they will do all these things to you because of My Name
        because they do not know the One Who sent me
        They have been proven to be of the darkness
        If I had not come and spoken to them, they would not have sin
        Now they have no excuse for their sin
        The one hating me also hates my Father - cf. 5:23 equal honor for Father and Son
        If I did not do the works among them, which no one else did
        cf, 9:32, 7:31
        They would not have sin
        Now they have seen and hated both me and my Father
        cf. ch. 3 hate the light and go to the darkness because their deeds are evil
        Scripture proof
        This is to fulfill the word in the Law - they hated me without cause
        cf. Rom 3:24 "justified freely" same word "without cause"
      - The witnesses to Jesus 15:26-27
        Testimony of the Spirit
        When the Paraclete comes
        Whom I will send from the Father
        The Spirit of Truth
        Who is going out from the Father
        This One will testify concerning me
        Testimony of the Disciples
        And you will testify
        Because you are with me from the beginning
      - Preparing the disciples for their rejection 16:1-4a
        Be prepared
        I have spoken these things to you so that you will not be scandalized
        They will persecute you
        They will put you out of the synagogue - what some people feared
        An hour is coming when all who kill you will think they are doing a service to God
        do not expect rational sane opposition, but satanic blindness
        They will do these things because they do not know The Father or me
        Remember and believe
        But I have spoken these things to you so that when the hour comes, you will remember that I have told you these things
    - The Spirit 16:4b-15
      - The Spirit to replace the presence of Jesus 16:4b-11
        Jesus has been with them
        I did not speak these things to you from the beginning
        In context this is the prediction of their rejection and suffering
        also leading into next section
        because I was with you
        Jesus is now leaving them
        Now I am going toward the One Who sent me
        And no one of you asks me "Where are you going?"
        Because I have told your these things, Sorrow has filled your heart
        The Paraclete replaces Jesus
        But I am speaking the truth to you
        It is better for you that I am going
        Because If I do not go
        The Paraclete will not come to you
        If I go
        I will send Him toward you
        (partial) Job description of the Paraclete
        And when this One comes,
        He will expose/convict/convince the world concerning sin and concerning righteousness and concerning judgment
        concerning sin - that they have not believed in me
        concerning righteousness - that I am going to the Father and you will not see me
        concerning sin - that the ruler of this world has been judged and stands under judgment
        discussion of two meanings of hoti, here not because, but that (content of conviction, not reason for it)
      - The Spirit to reveal/mediate Jesus to the disciples 16:12-15
        My revelation is not yet complete
        I have many things to say to you
        but you are not able to bear/carry/endure them yet
        you can't handle the truth
        b/c Spirit not yet sent b/c Jesus not yet glorified
        The cross changes everything - never forget it
        My revelation will be completed
        when this One comes - the Spirit of Truth
        He will lead you in/with/by all the truth
        The M.O. of the Spirit of Truth
        For He will not speak from Himself
        But whatever He hears, this He will speak
        And He will tell you the coming things
        may refer to the future
        In this context, refers to immediate future - i.e. crucifixion
        This One will glorify me
        Because He will take from what is mine
        And He will tell it to you
        Father>Son>Spirit>Disciples
        All which the Father has is mine
        Because of this I said that He will take from what is mine and He will tell it to you
    - Prediction of Victory 16:16-33
      - Grief will turn to joy 16:16-22
        Not see, then see
        Jesus announces "Small time"
        Small time and your will no longer see me
        and again a small time and you will see me
        The disciples don't understand what He means
        The disciples said toward one another
        What is this that He is saying
        "small time and you will not see me
        and again small time and you will see me"
        and "because I am going toward the father"
        therefore they said,
        what is this that He is saying
        "the small time" - asking about that word
        we do not know what He is saying
        Jesus knew that they wanted to ask - He said to them
        You are seeking with one another concerning this
        because I said
        small time and you will see me
        and again small time and you will see me
        note near ridiculous amount of repetition - making a point, highlighting
        grief to joy
        Truly I say that you will weep and mourn
        while the world will rejoice
        You will be grieved
        but your grief will turn to joy
        illustration of woman giving birth
        The woman has pain/affliction/grief when giving birth
        because HER HOUR HAS COME
        But when the child is born
        she no longer remembers the tribulation
        because of the joy that a child has been born into the world
        Application to the disciples
        therefore, you also will have pain/grief now
        but I will see you again
        note change of person
        and your heart will rejoice
        cf. Isa 66:14 - in context of eschatological judgment
        "When you see this, your heart will rejoice and you will flourish like grass; the hand of the LORD will be made known to his servants, but his fury will be shown to his foes."
        And no one will take your joy from you
      - Access to the Father 16:23-27
        Answered prayer to the Father
        And in this day, no one will ask me-
        Truly I say, Whatever you ask the Father in my Name
        He will give it to you
        Until now, you have not asked anything in my Name
        Ask and receive, so that your joy may be completely fulfilled (perfect periphrastic)
        that is - they are going directly to the Father (Through Jesus and the Spirit), no longer going directly to Jesus - i.e. Jesus has revealed the Father to them
        Speaking plainly of the Father
        I have said these things to you in figures of speech
        There is coming an hour when I will no longer speak to you in figures of speech
        But I will plainly speak to you concerning the Father
        The disciples will ask the Father
        In this day, you will ask in my Name
        And I am not saying to you that I will ask the Father concerning you
        For this same Father loves you
        Because you have loved me
        and (because) you have believed that I came from the Father
      - Jesus is going to the Father 16:28-33
        Jesus is leaving
        I have come from the Father and I came into the world
        again I am leaving the world
        And I am going to the Father
        Disciples believe
        His disciples said
        Behold, now you are speaking plainly to us
        And you are no longer saying figures of speech
        Now we know that you know all things
        And you have no need to have someone ask you anything
        In this we believe that You have come from God
        Jesus challenges their belief
        Do you now believe?
        An hour is coming, and now is
        when you will be scattered each into his own place
        cf. Zech 13:17
        "Strike the shepherd and the sheep will be scattered
        and you will forsake me all alone
        And I am not alone
        Because the Father is with me
        Jesus encourages them
        I have spoken these things to you so that in me you may have peace
        You will have tribulation in the world
        but be courageous - "Firm or resolute in the face of danger or adverse circumstances" BDAG
        I have overcome the world
        cf. prologue darkness has not overcome the light
        darkness never will overcome the light
        so be steadfast even in the midst of persecution, be on the side of the light
  - Prayer ch. 17
    - Concerning Personal relationship with the Father 17:1-5
      - Glorify Your Son
        Having spoken these things, Jesus lifted up His eyes to Heaven and said
        Father, the hour has come
        Glorify Your Son
        So that Your Son can glorify You
      - Just as the Son gives Eternal Life
        Just as You Gave Him authority over all flesh
        So that all who you gave to Him, He may give them eternal life
        This is eternal life - that they may know You, the only True God, and Jesus Christ, Whom You have sent
      - I have glorified You
        I have glorified you on the Earth
        The works which You gave me to do, I completed
      - Glorify me
        And now, glorify me, Father, with Your own glory
        The glory which I had with You before the world existed
    - Concerning the First Disciples 17:6-19
      - Only three actual requests in this section
      - The rest is statement/description about the disciples
      - The disciples are Yours
        I revealed Your Name to the men whom You have given me from the World
        They were Yours
        And You gave them to me
        And they kept Your Word
        Now they know that all which You have given to me if from You
        Because I gave them the words which You gave to me
        And they received them and know truly that I have come from You
        And they believed that You sent me
      - They are Yours in the midst of the World
        I ask concerning them
        I do not ask concerning the world, but concerning those You have given me
        because they are Yours
        And all that is mine is Yours
        And all that is Yours is mine
        and I will be glorified in them
        And I am no longer in the world
        and these are in the world
        and I am coming toward You
      - First Request - keep them by Your Name
        Holy Father, keep them in Your Name which You have given to me
        referred to as Holy Father in a context where He will talk about Sanctifying them from the world
        Name is shorthand for all that God is and does, not just a title
        So that they may be one, just as we are one
        when I was with them, I kept them in Your Name, which You have given to me
        and I have guarded them
        and none of them has been destroyed except the son of destruction
        cf. 6:39, 70
        "this is the will of God, that I shall lose none that He has given me
        I chose you 12, yet one of you is a devil
        so that the Scripture may be fulfilled
        cf. Psa. 41:9, Jn 13:18
        But the Scripture will be fulfilled, He who ate my bread has lifted his heel against me
      - They are being left in a hostile world
        Now I am coming toward you
        And these things I am speaking while in the world
        so that they may have my joy fulfilled in themselves
        I have given them Your Word
        And the World has hated them
        Because they are not from the World
        Just as I am Not from the World
      - Second request - Keep them from evil
        I do not ask that You would take them from the world
        But that You would keep them from the evil (one)
        They are Not from the World
        Just as I am not from the World
      - Third request - Sanctify them by the truth
        Sanctify them by the truth
        Your Word is truth
      - They are being sent into a hostile world
        Just as You sent me into the world
        So also, I am sending them into the world
      - I am making a way for them
        On their behalf, I am sanctifying myself
        referring to the Crucifixion
        So that they also may be sanctified in/by truth
    - Concerning all Future Disciples 17:20-26
      - I also ask for future disciples
        I don't ask only concerning these ones
        but also concerning those who will believe in me because of their word/witness
      - I ask that they may be one
        So that they all may be one
        What does it mean to be one?
        Much more than just unity between people/churches/denominations
        May happen without that
        In this context defined as the kind of unity of purpose/dependence/that the Son has with the Father and calls us to have with the Godhead
        If Christians/churches/denominations will ever find unity, it will begin by getting in line with God's purposes like Jesus has modeled
        just as You Father are in me and I in You
        So that these also may be in us
        So that the world may believe that You sent me
      - I have shared the glory to be one
        And I have given them the glory, which You gave me
        So that they may be one, just as we are one
        I in them and You in me
        So that they may be perfected into one
        So that the world may know that
        You sent me
        and You loved them
        Just as You loved me
      - I want them to see my glory
        Father, I will that those You gave me may be where I am with me
        So that they may see my glory,
        which You gave me
        Because You loved me before the creation of the world
      - I have given them eternal life, which is to know You
        Righteous Father, The world does not know You
        But I have known You
        And these ones know that You sent me
        And I have made Your Name known to them and I will make it known
        cf. crucifixion
        So that the love with which You loved me may be in them, and I may be in them
- Passion ministry chs. 18-20
  - Arrest 18:1-11
    - Setting - in the garden
      - Jesus, Having said these things
      - He went out with His disciples
        across the Kidron valley
        where there was a garden/orchard/olive grove
      - Jesus and His disciples went into this garden
      - judas - the one who betrayed Him - also knew this place
      - because Jesus often went there with His disciples
      - Therefore judas, taking soldiers and officers from the chief priests and the pharisees, went there with lamps and torches and weapons
    - Jesus met them with authority
      - Therefore, knowing all the things coming to Him (the things about to happen to Him)
      - Jesus went out and said to them, "Who do you seek?"
      - They answered, "Jesus of Nazareth"
      - He said to them, "I AM"
      - judas- the one who betrayed Him - was standing with them
      - As Jesus said to them "I AM"
      - They "went into the behind" -NIV drew back and fell to the ground
        significance - fell backward? fear?
        fell forward? worship?
        in any case, Jesus has more power and authority - they are not able to overpower Him if He did not let them
      - Again He asked them, "Who are you seeking?"
      - They said, "Jesus of Nazareth"
      - Jesus answered, "I told you that I AM"
        note repetition
    - Jesus protects the disciples
      - If you are seeking me, let these go
      - so that might be fulfilled the word which He said
      - Those you gave me I will not lose one of them.
        cf. 17:12
        Note Jesus words quoted like Scripture.
    - Peter tries to protect Jesus
      - Simon Peter, having a sword
      - drew it and struck the servant of the high priest
      - and cut off His right ear
      - and His name was Malchus
        - notice eyewitness detail
    - Jesus rebukes him
      - Jesus said to Peter
      - Put your sword into its holder
      - Shall I not drink the cup which the Father has given me?
        double negative strong rhetorical statement
        expects a negative answer (positive - "I shall drink")
  - The Jewish trial and Peter's denial 18:12-27
    - Taken to Annas 18:12-14
      - Therefore, the soldiers and the commander and the officers of the Jews arrested Jesus and bound Him
      - And they led Him toward Annas first
      - who was the father-in-law of Caiaphas
      - who was the chief priest that year
        High priests were supposed to be for life
        Romans would not allow, but made the job pass around regularly
        Jews got around by having one functional High Priest - Annas
        and many figureheads to please the Romans
        Many of Annas' sons and relatives had served under his functional leadership
      - This Caiaphas was the one who advised the Jesus that it is better for one man to die on behalf of the people
    - Peter's first denial 18:15-18
      - Simon Peter and another disciple followed Jesus
      - This other disciples was known to the high priest and went into the court of the High Priest with Jesus
        note a few places in this last section, the disciple that Jesus loved will be in companion with Peter
        And this disciple will always look better/superior in very small ways
      - But Peter stood by the door/gate outside
      - The other disciple who was known by the High Priest went out and spoke to the doorkeeper and brought Peter in
      - The maidservant at the door asked Peter, "You are not one of the disciples of this man, are you?" mildly expecting a negative answer
      - Peter said, "I am not"
      - The servants and officials were standing by a fire they had made because it was cold, and they warmed themselves
      - Peter was also standing with them, warming himself
        blending in, avoiding persecution = denying
    - The High priest sits in judgment of Jesus 18:19-24
      - The High Priest asked Jesus concerning His disciples and concerning His teaching
      - Jesus answered,
        "I spoke publicly/freely to the world.
        I always taught in a synagogue and in the temple, where all the Jews were gathered.
        And I said nothing in secret.
        Why are you asking me?
        Ask those who heard what I said to them.
        See, these ones know what I said."
      - When He said these things, one of the officials standing near struck Jesus
      - He said, "Is this the way you answer the High Priest?"
      - Jesus answered him
        "If I have spoken wrongly, testify concerning the evil"
        but If I have spoken good, why did you strike me?
      - Therefore, Annas sent Him, still bound, to Caiaphas the High Priest
      - Summary/application
        Note no plausible argument against Him, and Jesus openly asserts HIs innocence, with no contradiction, but still punished
        already have verdict, not bothering with evidence - hatred and rejection, not justice
        By their hatred and rejection, they are not judging Jesus, but judging themselves - cf. running theme
    - Peter's second and third denials 18:25-27
      - Simon Peter was standing and warming himself
      - They said to him, "You are not also one of His disciples are you?"
      - Peter denied it and said, "I am not"
      - One of the servants of the High Priest, a relative of the man whose ear Peter had cut off said, "Didn't I see you in the garden with Him?"
      - Again Peter denied - not quoting Peter's response, but calling it a denial, cf. 13:38 where Jesus predicts his denial, using the same word
      - And immediately the rooster crowed - just like Jesus predicted
  - The Roman Trial 18:28-19:15
    - Jewish Accusation before Pilate 18:28-32
      - brought to Pilate
        Therefore, they led Jesus from Caiaphas to the Praetorium (headquarters)
        It was early in the morning
        and the Jews did not go into the Praetorium
        so that they would not be defiled but could eat the Passover
        huge irony here
        rejecting the Lamb of God who fulfills the Passover
        Scruples about ritual uncleanness while murdering an innocent man
      - Pilate went out to them and inquired, "What accusation do you bring against this man?"
      - They answered (dodged) "If He were not an evildoer, we would not have turned Him over to you."
      - Pilate answered, "You take Him and judge Him by your own law"
        recognized that it was about religious stuff, not Roman stuff
        possibly spoken with contempt - doesn't want to get involved
      - They answered "We don't have authority to put anyone to death"
      - This is so that Jesus' word would be fulfilled in which He SIGNIFIED what kind of death He was about to die
        cf. 3:14, 8:28, 12:32-33
        Jewish execution by stoning would not fit predictions of 'being lifted up"
        Roman execution by crucifixion fits well with these predictions.
    - First Private Interview with Pilate 18:33-38a
      - Pilate went into the Praetorium and summoned Jesus
      - He asked Him, "Are You the King of the Jews?"
        Messianic term
        cf. Questions of Jesus' identity
      - Jesus said, "Do you say this from yourself, or did someone else tell you about me?" - challenge to faith
      - Pilate answers with contempt,
        "I am not a Jew,
        Your own nation and Cheif Priests have given you over to me.
        What did you do?"
      - Jesus answered,
        "My Kingdom is not from this world"
        picking up Messiah identity
        but redefining it correctly, what kind of King He is
        Not a King to be served and to conquer with sword
        But a King who conquers by serving and dying
        If my Kingdom was of this world, My officers would fight so that I would not be handed over to the Jews
        cf. Peter in the Garden
        But Now my Kingdom is not from here
      - Pilate replied - Therefore, "You are a King?"
      - Jesus answered,
        You have (rightly/correctly) said that I am a King
        I was born for this purpose
        And I came into the world for this purpose
        Purpose: That I may testify to the truth
        Everyone who is from the truth hears my voice
        cf. sheep, ch. 10
      - Pilate responds
        "What is truth?"
        Doesn't wait for answer
        Obviously not honestly seeking the answer
        But rather rejecting the concept
        typical politician cares about expediency over truth
        In the long run, truth is always the most profitable, even if not immediately expedient
        irony that the One standing before him is the One who could say, "I AM the Truth" cf. 14:6
    - First Public Rejection by the Jews 18:38b-40
      - Pilate went out again to the Jews
      - First pronouncement of innocence -
        he said, "I find no reason/accusation/grounds for guilt in Him"
      - First attempt to free Jesus
        It is your custom that I release one prisoner to you in the passover
        Do you want me to release the King of the Jews to you
      - First Public Rejection by the Jews
        They cried out, "Not this one, but Barabbas"
        Barabbas was a theif - John's editorial note
        Irony - Barabbas means "son of the father" they rejected the true Son of God for Barabbas
        Irony - they rejected the Messiah and requested a thief - same word as 10:10
        irony - they rejected life and life abundantly in favor of steal, kill, and destroy
        irony - Judging rejection of Jesus is really judging rejection on self - readers of John's Gospel take note!
    - Flogging 19:1-3
      - Then Pilate took Jesus and has Him beaten
        doesn't explain the details to people who were familiar
        Sometimes us sheltered people need something like Mel Gibson's movie to help us see the reality of some of these things surrounding the physical punishment of crucifixion
        But don't overplay the physical suffering, because the Spritiual sufffering of being forsaken is the most horrible part of this by far.
      - The soldiers mocked Him as a King
        And the soldiers twisted together a crown out of thorns and placed it on His head
        And they put a purple garment around Him
        And they came to Him and said, "Hail, King of the Jews"
        And they hit Him in the face
        Irony - they mocked Him as a pretend King - the One who actually is the King
        Irony - they mocked Him as a conquered King - the One who was conquering by suffering mockery
        irony- they mocked Him as a powerless King- the One who has all power and authority
    - Second Public Rejection by the Jews 19:4-7
      - Pilate went out again and brought Jesus
      - Second pronouncement of innocence
        I am bringing Him out to you
        So that you may know that I find no reason/accusation/grounds for guilt in Him"
        Scourging was often meant to bring about a confession - no go there
        Possibly done to say - this punishment should suffice, or bring sympathy for one who has suffered so much
      - Second attempt to free Jesus
        brought Him out with the crown of thorns and the purple garment
        and he said, "Behold the Man"
        Probably preying on sympathy, compassion and even Nationalism
      - Second Public Rejection by the Jews
        When the Chief Priests and officers saw Him
        they cried out, "Crucify, Crucify"
      - Third attempt to free Jesus
        Pilate said, "You take Him and You crucify Him"
      - Third pronouncement of innocence
        for I do not find in Him any reason/accusation/grounds for guilt.
      - Third Public rejection by the Jews
        they answered,
        We have a Law and according to the Law He ought to die
        because He made Himself the Son of God
        again they recognize and understand Jesus' claims
        They just reject Jesus' claims
    - Second Private Interview with Pilate 19:8-11
      - When Pilate heard this, He was even more afraid
      - Again went into the Praetorium
      - Asked Jesus, "Where do you come from?"
        could be a political question
        likely a superstitious/existential question
      - Jesus gave no answer
      - Pilate challenged His silence
        You won't give me an answer?
        Don't You know that I have the authority to free you or to crucify You?
        cf. 1:12 on God giving authority to be children of God
      - Jesus challenged his idea of authority
        No one has authority over me if it has not been given from above
        cf. 10:18 Jesus has authority to lay down His life and take it up again
        cf. 17:2 Jesus has authority to give eternal life
        cf. 6:37 No one comes to Jesus unless given to him by the Father
        cf. 3:27 A man only has what has been given to him from Heaven
        cf. 3:3 on "from above" = anothen, helps us define "born anothen" as from above
        Because of this, the one who gave me over to you has greater sin
        cf. 15:22-24 "if not seen what I did, would not be as guilty"
    - Forth Public Rejection by the Jews 19:12
      - Fourth attempt to free Jesus
        From this point Pilate sought to free Him
      - Fourth Public Rejection by the Jews
        but they shouted, saying, "If you free this man, you are not a friend of Ceasar"
        Becasue everyone making Himself a King speaks in opposition to Ceasar
        irony and hypocricy of those who hated Ceasar and were longing for the Messiah to overthrow Ceasar
      - Notice that Pilate is put in the position to choose between Jesus Whom he knows is innocent and Ceasar
        theme challenge to half belief
        Jesus vs. Ceasar
        Jesus vs. Synagogue
        Jesus vs. adversion to suffering persecution
        Jesus vs. world/flesh/devil
    - The Verdict and Final Rejection by the Jews 19:13-15
      - Upon hearing these words - they found the key to Pilate
      - Pilate led Jesus outside and sat on the judgment seat in the place called the stone pavement
      - It was the preparation day of the passover, the sixth hour
      - Pilate said, Behold your King - irony/Messiah
      - Final Public Rejection by the Jews
        They cried out, Take Him away, Take Him away, Crucify Him
        cf. 1:29 same word for take away the sins of the world
        Pilate said, Should I crucify your King
        more irony - Jesus is more of a King by being crucified - Foolishness of crucifixion is height of God's wisdom according to Paul in I Cor. 1
        ancient saying, "The cross is a throne, He reigns from the tree"
        The chief priests answered , "We have no King but Ceasar
        irony- denying the Messiah
      - Digression on Anti-Semitism
        Some claim that John made this up as slanderous to Jews
        For those of us that believe the Bible, it is not fiction but history
        Some take this then as ground for slander and hatred of all Jews
        some reject this because some have taken it as ground for slander and hatred of all Jews
        clarify that this is speaking of a few specific people who were Jewish, not claiming this reaction applies to all Jews
        2 opposite errors
        one claim that the stereo types apply to no one
        there is usually a reason for stereotype
        There are black/white/Chinese/American/Canadian people who do act like the stereotype, no matter what it is
        two claim that the steriotypes apply to everyone
        cannot be blanketly applied as grounds for rejection
        there are some black/white/Chinese/American/Canadien people who are NOT like that
        Dream that not be judged by color of skin, but by content of character
        Remember that Jesus and all the early disciples were Jewish
        Has nothing to do with Jewish ethnicity, but what do you do with Jesus
  - Death and Burial 19:16-42
    - The Crucifixion 19:16-22
      - Then Pilate gave Him over so that He would be crucified
        again does not dwell on the realitiy of it because already known, but not spoken of in polite company
      - They took Jesus
      - Carrying His own cross, He went out to the place called place of the Skull, Golgotha in Hebrew
      - They crucified Him there
      - And with Him two others, on His right and left, Jesus in the middle
      - Pilate wrote the title and placed it on the Cross
      - It was written, "Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews"
        irony - He really was King of the Jews and the whole world
      - Many read the title
        b/c the place where He was crucified was near the city
        And it was written in Hebrew, Latin and Greek - every ethnic group that was there was covered, cf. mission to the Greeks when He was lifted up
      - The chief preists object
        don't write "The King of the Jews"
        but write that, "This One said, 'I am the King of the Jews"
        irony, I AM statements never claimed that, but claimed much more, they rejected
      - Pilate rejects them - he said, "What I have written, I have written"
    - The Fulfilled Scripture 19:23-24
      - The soldiers, when they had crucified Jesus, took his clothes and they divided it into four shares
      - each soldier got a share - typical custom, bonus pay for a lousy detail
      - but His tunic was seamless from top to bottom
      - Therefore, they said to one another, "Let's not tear it, but let's decide by chance (lot/gambling) who will get it
      - So that the Scriptures will be fulfilled, which say
        cf. Psa. 22:18
        cf. surrounding context - always read surrounding context of OT quotes
        amazing that this prediction was fulfilled with so much accuracy, but full context shows even greater meaning
      - They divided my garments and cast lots for my clothes
      - Therefore, the soldiers did these things
    - The Provision for His Mother 19:25-27
      - There were four women standing near the cross
        Jesus' mother
        Jesus' aunt (His mother's sister)
        Mary the wife of Cleopa
        Mary the Magdalene
        (apparently Maria/Mariam was a popular name that year)
      - Jesus saw His mother and the disciple that He loved standing near
      - He said to His mother, Woman, behold your son
      - He said to the disciple, Behold your mother
      - Basically transfering responsibility to take care of His mother to John's household because He was no longer going to be able to do it
      - From this day, the disciple took her into his own household
    - The Fulfilled Scripture 19:28-29
      - After these things, knowing that all things had been fulfilled
      - so that the Scripture may be fulfilled
      - He said, "I thirst"
        cf. Psa 22:15
        Isa 41:17 forsaken people thirst, but God hears and helps
        cf. ch. 4 & 7 He promises living water and provides by submitting to deprivation of thirst
        promise that we would never thirst because He did
      - A jar full of sour wine was there
      - Therefore, they filled a sponge with sour wine and lifted it to His mouth
        cf. Psa 69:21 "They gave me vinegar for my thirst
    - The Death of Christ 19:30
      - When He had received the sour wine
      - He said, "It is Finished/completed/fulfilled"
        all the work that the Father had sent Him to do, He completed
      - And lowering His head, He gave up His Spirit
        Complete control to the end, no one took it from Him
    - The Fulfilled Scripture 19:31-37
      - No broken bones and peirced side
        Because it was the day before the Sabbath
        so that the bodies would not remain on the crosses on the Sabbath
        for this Sabbath was a great day
        again irony - scruples about ritual cleanness and social decorum while murdering the Messiah
        They asked that the legs may be broken (thus speeding death) and the bodies be taken down
        The soldiers broke the legs of the two men crucified with Him
        But when they came to Jesus, knowing that He was already dead, did not break His legs
        But one of the soldiers pierced His side with his spear
        And immediately blood and water came out
      - John's testimony
        And the one who has seen has testified
        And his testimony is TRUE
        And this one knows that he speaks the TRUTH
        So that you also may believe
      - Fulfilled Scripture
        These things happened so that the Scripture may be fulfilled - "Not one of His bones will be broken"
        cf. Exo. 12:46 and Num 9:12 speaking of Passover lamb sacrificed
        cf. Psa 34:20 speaking of God protecting the righteous man
        And again another Scripture says
        They will look upon the one they have peirced
        cf. Zech 12:10 - in context of Jerusalem repenting and coming back to the Lord, and God pouring out His Spirit and cleansing them from sin.
    - The Burial of Jesus 19:38-42
      - After these things Joseph from Aramathea asked Pilate
      - Joseph was a secret disciple of Jesus because of fear of the Jews - halfway disciple
      - He asked that he could take the body of Jesus
      - with PIlate's permission, he came and took His body
      - Nicodemus also came with him - the one who went to Jesus at night earlier in the story
        now it looks like he is a disciple, though still possibly secret, now less secret
        Nicodemus brought a lot of spices - an amount appropriate for a royal burial
      - The two of them took Jesus' body and wrapped it in linen and spices as was the custom of Jewish burials - wrapped up tight
      - There was a garden/orchard in the place where He was crucified
      - And in the garden was a new tomb in which no one had ever been placed
      - They placed Jesus there
        because the tomb was near
        and because of the preparation day of the Jews - time was running out before the Sabbath
  - The Resurrection and appearances 20:1-29
    - Resurrection report - Mary, Peter and John 20:1-10
      - The first day of the week, Mary Magdalene came very early, while it was still dark
        symbolism of darkness - she did not yet know that He was risen
      - She came to the tomb and saw the stone rolled away from the tomb
      - She ran and came to Simon Peter and the other disciple whom Jesus loved
      - She said to them, "They took the Lord from the tomb and I do not know where they have put Him.
      - Peter and the other disciple went out and went to the tomb
      - John brags that he ran faster than Peter and got to the tomb first
      - He bent down and saw the strips of linen lying there, but did not go in
      - Peter then arrived and went into the tomb and he saw the strips of linen lying there
      - And the cloth that was on His head, was not lying with the strips of linen, but was folded up in one place separately
      - significance?
        if someone stole the body, they would not have left the linen like this
        if somehow He wasn't dead and came back to consciousness and unwrapped Himself, He would not have left the wrapping like this
        It seems like the body disappeared and the linen dropped down right where it was - resurrection
      - Then the other disciple who came to the tomb first saw and BELIEVED
        maybe not full significance - (see next verse)
        but he knew something was going on
      - He did not yet know the Scriptures that it was necessary for Him to rise from the dead
      - The disciples then went again to their place
    - Resurrection appearance to Mary 20:11-18
      - But Mary stayed outside the tomb weeping
      - As she wept, she looked into the tomb
      - She saw two angels dressed in white, seated one at the head and one at the feet (where His body was laid)
      - These said to her, "Woman, why are you weeping?"
      - She said, "They have taken my Lord and I do not know where they have put Him"
        notice she is so distraught with mourning that angels do not phase her
      - When she said this she turned around and saw Jesus standing there, but she did not know that it was Jesus
      - Jesus said to her, "Woman, why are you weeping?" - same question, "Who do you seek?" new question
      - Thinking that He was the gardener, she said, "Sir, if you have carried Him away, tell me where you put Him and I will take Him."
      - Jesus said to her, "Mariam" (her name)
        cf. 10:3 His sheep know His voice and He calls them by name
      - She turned to Him and said in her native language "My Rabbi", which means teacher/master
        corresponding term to Rabbi is disciple, teacher/learner
        confessing herself to be His disciple
      - Jesus said to her, Stop clinging to me, for I have not yet gone back up to the Father
        cf. chs. 14-16 better If I go so that I will send the Paraclete
      - Go to my brothers and tell them
        I am going up to my Father and your Father, my God and your God
        for the first time includes them in this designation b/c of the accomplished atonement
        cf. the coming from heaven and going back to heaven b/c accomplished all that He came from Heaven to do
      - Mary Magdalene went and told these things to the disciples
        That she had seen the Lord
        and that He had said these things
    - Resurrection appearance to the disciples 20:19-23
      - It was evening of the first day of the week and the doors were locked where the disciples were because of the fear of the Jews
      - Jesus came and stood in their midst and greeted them "peace to you"
      - When He said this, He showed them His hands and His side
      - Therefore, the disciples rejoiced greatly upon seeing the Lord
        understatement!
      - Jesus again said "Peace to you"
        More than just a greeting
        Peace means fullness of prosperity
        Means a lot coming from a guy who was raised from the dead
        He promised that their grief would turn to joy
        He promised to give them a peace that the world could not take away
        He is delivering on His promises, just like He will deliver on every other promise
      - Just as the Father sent me, I am sending you
        echoing 17:18
      - As He said this, He breathed on them and said, "Receive the Holy Spirit"
        not yet Pentecost, but symbolically pointing forward to Pentecost, just like promised
        The Holy Spirit is the Presence of Jesus, the connection from the Father through Jesus, through the Paraclets, through the disciples to the world
      - If you leave/forgive someone their sins, it will be forgiven to them, but if you hold forgiveness back, it is held back
        you is plural, this authority is on the whole church, not individuals
        This action is tied to the presence of the Holy Spirit
        The verbs are in the perfect tense (already completed) meaning that we are ratifying what God has already done
        Any one is plural, therefore refers to groups of people, not just individuals
        this authority is given in the context of the mission of the church - the proclamation of Christ weeds out by peoples's response to Christ
        These from MOrris, Reflections pp. 710-12
    - Resurrection appearance to Thomas 20:24-29
      - Thomas (called the twin), one of the twelve was not with them when Jesus appeared
      - The other disciples testified to him, "We have seen the Lord"
      - He said to them
        If I do not see the mark of the nails in His hands
        and put my finger into the nail marks
        and put my hand in His side
        I will certainly not believe (double negative)
        Why is this story here?
        Gospel of John is about beliving via the testimony of the discples to the signs and events
        None of the Gospel readers would have the opportunity to do what Thomas insisted on doing
        Should the readers have this kind of skepticism?
        lets read the rest of the story
      - After eight days, the disciples were again inside and Thomas was with them
      - Jesus showed up, even though the door was locked and stood in their midst
      - He said "peace be with you"
      - He said to Thomas -
        put your finger here
        and see my hands
        and put out your hand and place it into my side
        and don't be unbelieving, but believing
        advice not just for Thomas, but for the Gospel readers
      - Thomas responds
        My Lord and My God
        goes beyond and confesses Jesus divinity
      - Jesus said
        because you have seen me, you believe
        condescended to Thomas' need for proof
        blessed are those who do not see, yet believe
        cf. sign faith is good, but not good enough
        some people need evidence and God is gracious to provide
        God calls us to believe on adequate testimony and sends His Spirit to bear witness and give faith
        God is gracious to those who genuinely are open and seeking the truth
        God will not jump through hoops for the hard hearted who are throwing up roadblocks to belief - Lk. 16 if they don't believe the Law and Prophets, they won't believe even if someone raises from the dead
  - Purpose of the Book 20:30-31
    - Jesus did many other signs in the presence of His disciples
    - Which are not written in this book
    - These things are written so that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God
    - and by believing, you will have life in His Name
- Epilogue ch. 21
  - Reveals Himself in the miraclulous catch of fish 21:1-14
    - The fishing trip
      - After these things, Jesus revealed Himself to the disciples again by the sea of Tiberias (Galilee)
      - He revealed Himself in this way:
      - The disciples were together
      - Simon said, "let's go fishing"
        probably not recreation, but they were going back to old way of life
        purposeless even after the resurrection, but that is about to change
      - The disciples went with him
      - They got in the boat and caught nothing all night
    - The miraculous catch
      - When it was the break of day, Jesus stood on the shore
      - But they did not know that it was Jesus
      - He said, do you have any fish? They said "no"
      - He said, throw your nets on the right side of the boat and you will find some
        Similar to Lk. 5 at the very beginning of their ministry - their call
        Jesus is bringing them back to square one and reinstating Peter
        Reviewing and reinstating the call to be fishers of men
      - They threw the net and were not able to pull it in because of the fullness of fish
      - The disciple whom Jesus loved said to Peter, "It is the Lord"
      - Peter got dresses and jumped in the water (to swim to Jesus)
      - The other disciples came with the boat, for they were not far from the shore, dragging the net full of fish
      - When they came to shore, they saw a fire and fish and bread
        same meal in ch. 6 reminder of miracle
      - Jesus said, bring some of the fish you have just caught
      - Simon went up and dragged the net onto the shore
      - There was full of a large amount of fish - 153, yet the net did not break
        just like Lk 5
        notice the eyewitness detail
    - The meal
      - Jesus said, "Come and have breakfast"
      - None of the disciples dared to examine/scrutinize Him, saying "Who are You?" because they knew that it was the Lord
      - Jesus took the fish and gave it to them and likewise the bread
      - This was already the third time Jesus revealed Himself to the disciples after He was risen from the dead
  - Recommissions Peter 21:15-19
    - Jesus reverses Peter's threefold denial by drawing out a threefold expression of love, followed by a threefold commision to Jesus' mission
      - round 1
        When they finished breakfast, Jesus said to Peter
        Simon, son of John, do you love me more than these?
        love me more than you love these fish
        love me more than you love these disciples
        love me more than the disciples love me
        all grammatically possible
        Peter replied, Yes, Lord, You know that I love you
        Jesus said, feed my lambs
        cf. ch. 10 good shepherd discourse
      - round 2
        Jesus said to him a second time, "Simon, son of John, do you love me?"
        Peter said, Yes Lord, you know that I love you"
        Jesus said, shepherd my sheep
      - round 3
        Jesus said to him a third time, Simon, son of John, do you love me?
        Peter was grieved because He said to him the third time, do you love me?
        there is two different words for love being used here
        I vascilate each time I read this whether there is significance to the change
        Very likely, they are used interchangeably, with no significance in the change - John often interchanges with no significance
        possibly, Peter is using a lower sense of love and in this third question Jesus is lowering the question to the level that Peter has been answering
        more likely Peter is grieved because He had to ask 3 times to match the 3 times that Peter denied
        Peter said, Lord, You know all things, You know that I love You
        Jesus said feed by lambs
    - Jesus predicts Peter's gaining glory for Christ by his death
      - I tell you the truth, when you were younger, you dressed yourself and went where you wanted
      - When you are older, you will stretch out your hands, someone else will dress you and bring you where you do not want to go
        perfectly normal prediction that would fit many elderly people who need assistance
        but in light of what actually happened to Peter - double meaning
        Peter was crucified for being an apostle, asked to be crucified upside down because he was not worthy to die in the same way as Christ
      - Jesus said this to signify by what kind of death he would glorify God
      - having said this, Jesus told him, "Follow me"
        back to original commission - reinstatement
  - Peter and John 21:20-23
    - Peter turned and saw the disciple whom Jesus loved following - the one who leaned back on Him and asked, "Who is the one who will betray You?"
    - Therefore, Peter, seeing him, asked, "Lord, what about this one?"
    - Jesus answered, "If I want him to remain until I come, what is that to you? You follow me."
      - in other words, don't worry about John, follow me
    - John clears up a rumor - possibly because he knew he would soon die
    - A rumor went out among the brothers that this disciple would not die
      - a rumor that was probably strengthened as John survived the torture of being boiled in oil
    - John clarifies what was truly said
    - Jesus did not say that he will not die, but that If I want him to remain until I come, what is that to you?
  - Postscript - verifying testimony 21:24
    - This one (John- the beloved disciple) is the disciple who is testifying concerning these things
    - And the one writing these things
    - And we know that his testimony is true
  - Postscript - unfinished witness 21:25
    - There are also many other things which Jesus did
    - Which if every one were written
    - I suppose the world itself could not contain the books being written